Relationship between plant species diversity and patch characteristics in a marsh in the Sangjiang Plain, China —Using Yaluhe farm as an example

Based on Quick Bird satellite image data, the present study examined small-scale herbaceous community patches in the marsh of the Sanjiang Plain and measured patch characteristics such as the area, perimeter and shape by GPS. The coenological characteristics of the patches were investigated using quadrat method, and the vascular plant species were recorded using transect method. A total of 219 plant species were recorded, which represents 12.2% of the vascular flora in Heilongjiang Province. Our results showed that species number S correlated with patch area and perimeter; richness index (R) correlated with patch perimeter; Simpson index (D) correlated with patch area and perimeter/area; Shannon-Wiener index (H′) correlated with patch area, perimeter and perimeter/area; Evenness index (Jsw) correlated with perimeter/area. Both S and R have significant difference between different size of patches. Plant diversity in the small-scale herbaceous communities tended to increase with the patch area and perimeter. We concluded that edge effects and the habitat heterogeneity of the patches are important in determining the number of species. The relative smoothness of the patch edges also affects the plant diversity of the patches. The richness of plant species in the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain is highly sensitive to the small-scale patches, which continues to play an important role in preserving plant diversity in the local area.     

Numerical research on the 3D fiber orientation distribution in arbitrary planar flows

The fiber orientation distribution in a fiber suspension flow was investigated by a finite difference scheme in spherical coordinates. The diffusivity was transformed between Cartesian and spherical coordinates through tensor analysis to obtain efficiency. It is found that under simple shear flow condition the diffusivity in the azimuthal direction, Dr, has greater effect on the orientation distribution than that in the colatitude direction, Drθθ.     

Relationship between plant species diversity and patch characteristics in a marsh in the Sangjiang Plain,China—Using Yaluhe farm as an example

Based on Quick Bird satellite image data, the present study examined small-scale herbaceous community patches in the marsh of the Sanjiang Plain and measured patch characteristics such as the area, perimeter and shape by GPS. The coenological characteristics of the patches were investigated using quadrat method, and the vascular plant species were recorded using transect method. A total of 219 plant species were recorded, which represents 12.2% of the vascular flora in Heilongjiang Province. Our results showed that species number S correlated with patch area and perimeter; richness index (R) correlated with patch perimeter; Simpson index (D) correlated with patch area and perimeter/area; Shannon-Wiener index (H′) correlated with patch area, perimeter and perimeter/area; Evenness index (Jsw) correlated with perimeter/area. Both S and R have significant difference between different size of patches. Plant diversity in the small-scale herbaceous communities tended to increase with the patch area and perimeter. We concluded that edge effects and the habitat heterogeneity of the patches are important in determining the number of species. The relative smoothness of the patch edges also affects the plant diversity of the patches. The richness of plant species in the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain is highly sensitive to the small-scale patches, which continues to play an important role in preserving plant diversity in the local area.     

Application of ANSYS 3D FEM in Studies of Surface Deformation Caused by Pipe Jacking

By using site observation data and establishing 3D model using ANSYS software,this paper has discussed the strain change of stratum stress during process of jacking-in and the im-pact of machine head on ground surface under different frontal resistances. Analysis of the two cases shows that soil pressure reaches its maximum point when the soil is right above machine head,and soil stress will gradually decline when machine head passes over it. It also shows that impact brought by pipe-jacking construction on stress change of the surrounding soil is limited. The thesis suggest that road surface should be consolidated and soil condition be improved before construction to prevent loss and disaster caused by road surface deformation,jacking force can be increased so that jacking efficiency can be enhanced when ground stratum is well filled with soil,but the frontal resistance facing machine head should be equal to surrounding soil pressure in order to avoid rise of ground surface.     

Rare earth effects on high temperature oxidation of pure nickel at 1000 ℃

Isothermal and cyclic oxidation behaviors of pure and yttrium-implanted nickel were studied at 1000 ℃ in air.SEM and TEM were used to examine the oxide scales formed on nickel substrate.It was found that Y-implantation greatly improved the anti-oxidation ability of nickel both in isothermal and cyclic oxidizing experiments.Acoustic emission(AE)technique was used to study the size and number distribution of defects at the oxide/metal interface.Laser Raman microscopy was also used to study the stress status of oxide scales formed on nickel with and without yttrium.The main reason for the improvement in anti-oxidation and adhesion of oxide scale was that Yimplantation greatly reduced the grain size of NiO and lowered the compressive stress within the scale.In the meantime,Y-implantation inhibited ion diffusion rate in the oxide scale and reduced the size and number of interfacial defects,hence remarkably enhanced the adhesion of protective NiO oxide scale formed on nickel substrate.     

透明摇晃-流动反应釜内水合物防聚剂性能测评研究

水合物容易在深水油气输送管道内形成并对管道流动安全构成极大威胁。向管道内加注水合物防聚剂,以此抑制水合物颗粒间的聚集并进而形成流动性良好的水合物浆,是防治水合物问题的一种常用措施。为了对道达尔公司提供的名为AA-D的水合物防聚剂进行性能测评,使用透明摇晃-流动反应釜在不同晃动工况及AA-D浓度下开展了一系列水合物的生成及流动实验。实验中,使用网络摄像头分别记录水合物生成前、生成中及生成后的实验现象。同时,根据温度和压力曲线的变化计算出不同工况下水的转化率。根据实验结果,系统分析了防聚剂AA-D及晃动工况（摇晃角度和摇晃速率）对实验现象和水转化率的影响。综合实验结果可知,防聚剂AA-D在本文实验条件下具有良好的水合物防治效果。本文的结果及结论可为水合物的防聚剂防治提供理论基础和借鉴。     

Low complexity power control approach based on MMSE detection for V-BLAST

1. INTRODUCTION Layered Space-Time (LST) architecture offers a great increase in capacity, promising a linear growth with the size of the antenna array under some circumst- ances[1,2]. In recent years, Vertical Bell Lab Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST), one of the most important LST architectures, has been a hotspot in mobile com- munication because of its simple architecture and high spectral efficiency [3]. There have been some effective Per-Antenna Po- wer Control (PAPC) algorit…     

Real ribozymes suggest a relaxed error threshold

The error threshold for replication, the critical copying fidelity below which the fittest genotype deterministically disappears, limits the length of the genome that can be maintained by selection. Primordial replication must have been error-prone, and so early replicators are thought to have been necessarily short. The error threshold also depends on the fitness landscape. In an RNA world, many neutral and compensatory mutations can raise the threshold, below which the functional phenotype, rather than a particular sequence, is still present. Here we show, on the basis of comparative analysis of two extensively mutagenized ribozymes, that with a copying fidelity of 0.999 per digit per replication the phenotypic error threshold rises well above 7,000 nucleotides, which permits the selective maintenance of a functionally rich riboorganism with a genome of more than 100 different genes, the size of a tRNA. This requires an order of magnitude of improvement in the accuracy of in vitro-generated polymerase ribozymes. Incidentally, this genome size coincides with that estimated for a minimal cell achieved by top-down analysis, omitting the genes dealing with translation.     

线性系统拓扑分类定理的初等证明

通过直接对常微分方程作变换，给出了一个线性系统拓扑分类定理的初等的构造性证明。     

关于中国人名外译问题的讨论（二）中国人名汉语拼音的变通方式及其应用情况

如何以汉字拼音正确表达我国论作人名的问题非常重要。国家语委过去制定的几个相关件颁布以后，中国人姓名的拼写有了规矩，但仍不能适应献录和计算机信息检索的要求。为了规范数据库中重要检索和评价项目的数据格式，提高检索和数据处理的效率，我们制订了《中国学术期刊（光盘版）检索与评价数据规范（试行）》。该规范对汉语姓名拼写法作了变通处理。执行以来已取得了巨大的成绩。建议国家语言字工作委员会采取措施，尽快对原国家标准做出适当修订。