Science Letters: A new quantitative model of ecological compensation based on ecosystem capital in Zhejiang Province, China

Ecological compensation is becoming one of key and multidiscipline issues in the field of resources and environmental management. Considering the change relation between gross domestic product (GDP) and ecological capital (EC) based on remote sensing estimation, we construct a new quantitative estimate model for ecological compensation, using county as study unit, and determine standard value so as to evaluate ecological compensation from 2001 to 2004 in Zhejiang Province, China. Spatial differences of the ecological compensation were significant among all the counties or districts. This model fills up the gap in the field of quantitative evaluation of regional ecological compensation and provides a feasible way to reconcile the conflicts among benefits in the economic, social, and ecological sectors.     

Negatively and positively charged bacterial aerosol concentration and diversity in natural environments

Bioaerosol charge information is of vital importance for their electrostatic collection. Here, electrostatic means and molecular tools were applied to studying bioaerosol charge dynamics. Positively or negatively charged bioaerosols were collected using an electrostatic sampler operated with a field strength of 1.1 kV cm 1 at a flow rate of 3 L min 1 for 40 min. Those with fewer or no charges bypassing the sampler were also collected using a filter at the downstream of the electrostatic sampler in one environment. The experiments were independently conducted three times in three different environments. The collected bacterial aerosols were cultured directly on agar plates at 26°C, and the colony forming units (CFU) were manually counted. In addition, the CFUs were washed off from the agar plates, and further subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for culturable diversity analysis. The results revealed remarkable differences in positively and negatively charged culturable bacterial aerosol concentration and diversity among the studied environments. In the office environment, negatively charged culturable bacterial aerosols appeared to dominate (P = 0.0489), while in outdoor and hotel environments both polarities had similar concentration levels (P = 0.078, P = 0.88, respectively). DGGE patterns for positively charged culturable bacterial aerosols were shown strikingly different from those of negatively charged regardless of the sampling environments. In addition, for each of the environments positively charged culturable bacterial aerosols collected were found to have more band pattern similarity with those positively charged for respective regions of agar plates than those negatively charged, and vice versa. The information developed here is useful for developing efficient electrostatic sampling protocols for bioaerosols.     

不同环境下温室黄瓜叶片蒸腾速率的研究

为了研究环境对温室黄瓜叶片蒸腾速率的影响，以P-M方程为基础模拟了温室黄瓜叶片蒸腾速率在不同温度、相对湿度、光照和土壤温度下的响应状况。拟合结果表明：不同温度、相对湿度、光照、土壤温度下蒸腾速率的模拟值与实测值一致性较好，相关系数平方R2分别为0．728、0．667、0．818和0．824。结果表明：该模型对实现设施农业的高产、优质高效和持续发展具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。     

青年学生观点采择的道德思维探究

青年学生的观点采择能力是其社会认知水平和道德思维能力的具体表现，是社会和学校对学生教育影响的真实反映，同时观点采择能力的形成进一步促进了学生社会认知能力和道德思维水平的发展和提高。     

解杨分离式立交连续箱梁施工简述

解杨分离式立交是运城绕城高速公路西南段的一座上跨分离式立交,桥梁中心桩号为K12＋239。重点介绍了该桥的主桥上连续箱梁混凝土浇筑以及张拉施工技术。     

第四周期过渡金属钨磷杂多酸盐催化过氧化氢氧化正己醇成正己醛

以Keggin型杂多酸盐 (Na5PW11Z(H2 O)O3 9,Z =Mn ,Fe ,Co,Ni,Cu ,Zn ,以下简称为PW11Z)为催化剂 ,过氧化氢为氧化剂 ,在水—正己醇两相体系中进行了正己醇到正己醛的选择氧化反应 .在此选择氧化反应中同时伴随着过氧化氢分解的竞争反应 ,两种反应间存在着明显的对应关系 .在 70℃时 ,生成正己醛的催化剂活性序列为PW11Co>PW11Fe≈PW11Ni≈PW11Mn >PW11Cu≈PW11Zn ,其中PW11Co的正己醛收率为 3.3% ,当把过氧化氢稀释 ,向反应体系中滴入时 ,则正己醛的收率将大幅度提高 .对于PW11Co来说 ,正己醛的收率提高为 7.12 % ,选择性为 89.4% .还利用ICP ,IR ,UV等手段对催化剂进行了表征     

基于D值理论的微震监测台网优化布设

基于D值理论,考虑矿山工程实际情况,引入微震事件概率因子、监测区域重要性因子和台网布设可行性因子重新构建了台网优化目标函数.以某磷矿顶板突水的微震监测为例,对全矿区按照监测区域重要性、台网布设可行性等因素进行分区,采用专家权重法分别给出了相关因子的参考值.按照影响因子取值差异将整个监测区域再次分区,给出了分区后目标函数的积分形式,其中各监测区域控制点坐标即为相应的积分上下限.基于文中提出的微震监测网络的动态优化设计原则,最终给出了该磷矿微震监测台网布设方案.爆破试验表明,本文提出的台网布设方案具有一定的合理性和准确性,三个坐标方向的平均定位误差为6.74 m,最大为10.05 m,空间定位误差为12.51 m,定位精度可满足工程监测需要.     

浅谈大型地下水池设计中伸缩缝的设置问题

文章从结构专业的角度谈水池设计中伸缩缝的设置问题.通过工程实例主要讲述大型水池结构设置伸缩缝的弊端,工程采用设置后浇带代替伸缩缝来预防渗漏.     

多元散射校正和逐步回归法建立黑土有机碳近红外光谱定量模型

采用全谱建立近红外校正模型，计算工作量大且冗余信息多。通过特定方法筛选特征波长有可能得到更好的定量校正模型。逐步回归法在波长选取方面起到了重要的作用。多元散射校正技术（Multiple scatter correction，MSC）可以有效剔除由样品颗粒大小、装填密度、湿度等不同引起的散射影响，有效提高光谱的信噪比。以我国东北黑土为研究对象，采集了136个土壤样品3699cm^-1-12000cm^-1范围的近红外光谱，利用多元散射校正技术对近红外原始光谱数据进行预处理，评价MSC的去噪效果，并利用多元线性回归法建立了土壤有机碳含量与校正光谱优选波长点处吸光度之间的关系模型，评价多元逐步回归法优选波长的有效性。结果表明，多元散射校正技术有效降低了散射的影响，提高了相关光谱的信噪比，模型决定系数从0．598提高至0．681。基于手动挑选波长建立的模型决定系数高达0．956，预测样品集模型预测值与实测值之间的相关系数为0．823。手动挑选波长建立的SOC模型预测能力优于基于逐步回归方法建立的定量模型，利用逐步回归分析法优选波长还需要进一步研究。图7,参26。     

干姜附子汤温通心阳作用的实验研究

目的:研究干姜附子汤温通心阳的作用。方法:采用有创血流动力学实验方法,制作心脏骤停后心肺复苏大鼠急救动物模型,观察干姜附子汤对大鼠血流动力学的改善状况。结果:经干姜附子汤治疗后,大鼠的心率明显加快,左心室收缩压、左心室内压最大上升和下降速率明显升高。结论:干姜附子汤可以明显改善心肺复苏后大鼠的心功能,与其具有温通心阳的作用相符。