基于多特征融合的遥感图像河流目标检测算法

针对近似河流无法准确检测出来的问题,提出了一种基于多特征融合的遥感图像河流目标检测算法．首先根据提取样本图像的局部熵、纹理和角点信息特征构建了有效区分河流区域和背景区域的特征向量,利用支持向量机进行训练获得决策函数,通过决策函数判断测试图像的河流区域,完成河流区域的粗检测;然后结合粗检测的结果,应用测地线活动轮廓模型提取完整准确的河流区域．实验结果证明该算法对河流目标定位准确,获得的河流检测结果具有良好的连通性,可以准确地检测复杂背景下的河流区域．     

一种新的TDCS基函数生成方法及性能分析

针对变换域通信系统基函数生成过程中硬判决门限难以精确设置且判决复杂度高的问题,提出了一种功率谱翻转的基函数生成方法。该方法在对电磁环境采样估计的基础上,利用环境谱翻转来构造基函数幅度谱,省去了传统门限值设置和判决的步骤,从而大大降低了通信系统的运算复杂度;另外,由于没有完全舍弃被干扰的频段,与传统的"0"、"1"硬判决相比,该方法生成的基函数频率组成更加丰富而具有更好的相关特性。仿真结果表明:功率反转的基函数生成方法可以降低系统的运算复杂度,同时提高基函数的相关性能,为TDCS的深入研究提供了新的思路。     

指数有界双参数C半群的逼近

基于C半群的定义,引入指数有界的双参数C半群的概念,借助于单参数C半群与双参数C半群之间的关系,利用范数与极限的一些性质,考察了指数有界的双参数C半群的逼近问题.从而对Banach空间中单参数C半群逼近定理及双参数强连续算子半群逼近定理进行了推广,为相应的抽象Cauchy问题提供了解决方案.     

树枝状有机电致发光材料近期研究进展

本文简要介绍了近期树枝状分子在有机电致发光材料领域中的拓展情况,总结了目前已经取得的一些令人振奋的研究成果,从中了解树枝状分子在该研究领域所特有的优势,并进一步展望了树枝状分子未来的研究前景。     

基于遗传算法-深度神经网络的分布式光纤监测工作面矿压预测

煤层开采过程中的工作面矿压分析与预测,对煤矿顶板管理与安全生产具有重要意义。然而,工作面开采引起的围岩移动和变形影响着矿压预测的准确度。为了提高工作面来压位置预测的精度,以分布式光纤监测采动覆岩变形的频移数据为基础,引入门控循环神经网络(gated recurrent neural networks, GRU),建立了遗传算法(genetic algorithm, GA)-GRU-反向传播(back propagation, BP)的工作面来压位置预测模型。将光纤频移值的统计特征融合工作面推进距离等因素作为特征向量,并采用GA对GRU及BP网络的超参数寻优。实验结果表明：预测模型的决定系数为98.7%,平均绝对误差为1.224 cm,均方根误差为1.769 cm,预测的准确性高,为工作面矿压预测提供了新的方法。     

北方季风边缘区洞穴石笋δ18O序列预测初步研究

基于时域组合模型建立了中国北方季风边缘区万象洞及黄爷洞石笋δ¹⁸O时间序列的动态模型, 并对未来20年的降水变化趋势进行了预测. 研究结果表明, 时域组合模型较好地提取了时间序列的周期信息, 用其拟合实测数据精度较高; 用其预测时间序列的变化情况, 和现代气象观测记录相吻合, 具有一定的可信度. 同时通过中国北方季风边缘区树轮的预测结果对比显示, 该地区在2012~2013年前后降水最少, 随后20年里将呈现先升后降的变化趋势.     

近年来光合作用领域的前沿和热点研究——基于WOS高被引论文的科技术语分析

科技术语是科技论文的基本要素和重要特征,光合作用研究论文中存在大量的科技术语。基于数据驱动的科技术语分析能够对学科领域的动态发展和演变起到较好的揭示和印证作用。文章以VOSviewer软件为主要分析工具,对Web of Science数据库中光合作用领域近三年的高被引论文和热点论文中的科技术语进行计量分析和可视化呈现。分析比较的结果表明,近年来光合作用的研究热点集中在“自然光合作用的机理探究”“光合作用与环境变化”“人工光合的应用和发展”三个方向,“光催化剂”成为这几年光合作用领域研究的前沿。     

Differentiated cells are more efficient than adult stem cells for cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer

Since the creation of Dolly via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), more than a dozen species of mammals have been cloned using this technology. One hypothesis for the limited success of cloning via SCNT (1%-5%) is that the clones are likely to be derived from adult stem cells. Support for this hypothesis comes from the findings that the reproductive cloning efficiency for embryonic stem cells is five to ten times higher than that for somatic cells as donors and that cloned pups cannot be produced directly from cloned embryos derived from differentiated B and T cells or neuronal cells. The question remains as to whether SCNT-derived animal clones can be derived from truly differentiated somatic cells. We tested this hypothesis with mouse hematopoietic cells at different differentiation stages: hematopoietic stem cells, progenitor cells and granulocytes. We found that cloning efficiency increases over the differentiation hierarchy, and terminally differentiated postmitotic granulocytes yield cloned pups with the greatest cloning efficiency.     

The Pristionchus pacificus genome provides a unique perspective on nematode lifestyle and parasitism

Here we present a draft genome sequence of the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, a species that is associated with beetles and is used as a model system in evolutionary biology. With 169 Mb and 23,500 predicted protein-coding genes, the P. pacificus genome is larger than those of Caenorhabditis elegans and the human parasite Brugia malayi. Compared to C. elegans, the P. pacificus genome has more genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes, glucosyltransferases, sulfotransferases and ABC transporters, many of which were experimentally validated. The P. pacificus genome contains genes encoding cellulase and diapausin, and cellulase activity is found in P. pacificus secretions, indicating that cellulases can be found in nematodes beyond plant parasites. The relatively higher number of detoxification and degradation enzymes in P. pacificus is consistent with its necromenic lifestyle and might represent a preadaptation for parasitism. Thus, comparative genomics analysis of three ecologically distinct nematodes offers a unique opportunity to investigate the association between genome structure and lifestyle.     

A genetic interaction network of five genes for human polycystic kidney and liver diseases defines polycystin-1 as the central determinant of cyst formation

Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease results from mutations in PRKCSH or SEC63. The respective gene products, glucosidase IIβ and SEC63p, function in protein translocation and quality control pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we show that glucosidase IIβ and Sec63p are required in mice for adequate expression of a functional complex of the polycystic kidney disease gene products, polycystin-1 and polycystin-2. We find that polycystin-1 is the rate-limiting component of this complex and that there is a dose-response relationship between cystic dilation and levels of functional polycystin-1 following mutation of Prkcsh or Sec63. Reduced expression of polycystin-1 also serves to sensitize the kidney to cyst formation resulting from mutations in Pkhd1, the recessive polycystic kidney disease gene. Finally, we show that proteasome inhibition increases steady-state levels of polycystin-1 in cells lacking glucosidase IIβ and that treatment with a proteasome inhibitor reduces cystic disease in orthologous gene models of human autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease.