Shale gas exploitation with supercritical CO2 technology

This paper analyzes the physicochemical properties of supercritical CO2, the characteristic of shale gas and shale gas reservoirs. The technologies of drilling, production, fracturing using the supercritical CO2 in shale gas exploration are proposed, to increase the penetration rate, decrease the damage to formation while fracturing, and enhance the recovery of shale gas. It is believed that the huge economic benefits of shale gas exploration with the supercritical CO2 fluid will be obtained, and it also can initiate a new technology field of CO2 in the petroleum engineering.     

2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉在超临界CO_2中萃取金属离子研究

在无任何添加剂的情况下,以2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉为螯合剂,考察了时间(10～90 min),温度(313～343K),压力(10～25 MPa),螯合物与金属的摩尔比(50︰1～200︰1)等因素对8种金属离子(Cu2+,CO2+,Ni2+,Fe3+,Pb2+,Cd2+,Mn2+,Zn2+)萃取效率的影响.结果表明,螯合物对Cu2+萃取效率最高,在最佳条件下(323 K,30 min,25 MPa,螯合物与金属离子的摩尔比为200︰1)达88.23%.而在同一萃取体系中,8种金属离子的萃取常数(Kex)随着萃取效率的增加而增加.     

开设综合性、设计性实验教学探讨

综合性、设计性实验是培养学生综合能力和创新能力的重要途径。文章就高校开设综合性、设计性实验的必要性,开设综合性、设计性实验应注意的问题,教师在综合性、设计性实验教学中的地位以及建立完善的实验成绩评价体系等方面进行了分析并提出了一些见解。     

A process model for BOF process based on bath mixing degree

The process model for BOF process can be applied to predict the liquid steel composition and bath temperature during the whole steelmaking process. On the basis of the traditional three-stage decarburization theory, the concept of mixing degree was put forward, which was used to indicate the effect of oxygen jet on decarburization. Furthermore, a more practical process model for BOF steelmaking was developed by analyzing the effect of silicon, manganese, oxygen injection rate, oxygen lance height, and bath temperature on decarburization. Process verification and end-point verification for the process model have been carried out, and the verification results show that the prediction accuracy of carbon content reaches 82.6% (the range of carbon content at the end-point is less than 0.1wt%) and 85.7% (the range of carbon content at end-point is 0.1wt%–0.7wt%) when the absolute error is less than 0.02wt% and 0.05wt%, respectively.     

A new route of ferric ions rejection in a synthetic nickel leach solution

A new route of impurity rejection to remove ferric iron from a synthetic nickel leach solution was introduced, which simulated the chemical composition of a typical acid leach solution of nickel laterites under atmospheric pressure. The synthetic solution underwent a stepwise neutralization process, with each step adopting different pH value-temperature combinations. In a conventional nickel atmospheric leach (AL) process, the nickel loss could be as high as 10wt%, which was a longstanding issue and prevented this process from commercialization. The new impurity rejection route is the first step towards resolving this issue. The results show that, the best neutralization performance is achieved at the nickel loss of 3.4wt% in the neutralization scheme that employs ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as a nickel stabilizer (pH: 1.3–3.5; temperature: 95–70℃)     

船舵测试数据采集系统的设计与实现

集中监测控制台内集成一套以工控机为核心的数据采集系统,利用组态软件力控监控测试画面和阿尔泰板卡采集数据,满足对试验台加载系统和受试舵机的遥控、压力调节、报警监测、过程数据采集、存储和实时显示等功能.并能按操作者设定的函数自动计算出扭矩等无法直接测量的参数,输出指定的数据表格及曲线图.     

基于Volterra级数分析的半导体激光器非线性模型

根据非线性系统Volterra级数分析理论建立了半导体激光器的非线性模型.半导体激光器由本征激光器与寄生网络级联而成.本征激光器的非线性传递函数利用谐波输入法从速率方程得到,而寄生网络的非线性传递函数由影响其非线性的主要因素决定.在此基础上利用非线性系统的级联关系得到半导体激光器的非线性传递函数,并利用模型计算了半导体激光器的二次谐波、三次谐波和三阶交调失真.计算结果显示,在宽频范围内模型计算结果与仿真结果接近,且寄生网络对于激光器非线性的影响随频率升高而逐渐加大.通过比较Volterra模型与直接仿真之间的误差随输入信号功率的变化趋势可看出Volterra模型更加适用于分析弱非线性系统.所建立的模型有助于半导体激光器的器件表征与射频光传输系统的设计.     

包含专家决策的生产系统智能仿真

生产专家的决策过程对生产系统的影响至关重要。为了模拟包含专家决策的复杂生产系统,提出了基于交互仿真与知识挖掘的智能仿真策略。详细给出了该策略的实现原理和方法步骤。重点从模拟算法和软件实现两方面研究了专家决策模拟的实现技术。以某轨梁万能生产线为工程背景,对所提出的仿真策略进行了实例研究和验证。结果表明,所建立的智能仿真模型能够有效地描述包含专家决策的复杂生产过程,为生产系统的人机协同以及人的决策过程优化提供了一种新方法。     

Effects of carbon diffusing field in alloy solvent on the growth of tower-shape diamond single crystal

High-quality type-Ib tower-shape diamond single crystals were synthesized in cubic anvil high pressure apparatus (SPD-6×1200) at 5.4 GPa and 1250-1450°C. The (100) face of seed crystal was used as the growth face, and FeNiMnCo alloy was used as the solvent/catalyst. Two kinds of carbon diffusing fields (type-B and type-G) were simulated by finite element method (FEM). Using the two kinds of carbon diffusing fields, many diamond single crystals were synthesized. The effects of carbon diffusing fields on the ...     

Astronomically modulated late Pliocene equatorial Pacific climate transition and Northern Hemisphere ice sheet expansion

The equatorial Pacific underwent a significant climate transition during the late Pliocene, which is characterized by cooling of global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and formation of a marked SST gradient between the eastern and western equatorial Pacific. Moreover, this transition was nearly synchronous with the late Pliocene Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Probing the relationship among solar insolation, low and high latitude processes is the key to unravel the mechanism of this climate transition. A se...