车辆路径问题中的遗传算法设计

车辆路径问题在物流管理的研究中受到大量关注。但由于车辆路径问题是一个NP-hard问题，使用传统优化方法很难得到最优解或满意解。这里使用改进的交叉算子和遗传算子，设计了基于自然数编码的遗传算法，求解车辆路径问题，获得了良好的效果。     

部分断面掘进机液压系统的可靠性研究

针对部分断面掘进机液压系统可靠性低、故障较多等问题,根据可靠性基本理论,建立该液压系统的可靠性逻辑框图和可靠度计算模型,结合实例对某型掘进机的液压系统进行可靠度计算和可靠性分析,利用MATLAB进行仿真,获得了各液压子系统的可靠度仿真曲线,并给出提高系统可靠度的措施。     

电磁干扰及电磁兼容检测

电磁兼容性（EMC）是指设备或系统在其电磁环境中符合要求运行,并不对其环境中的任何设备产生无法忍受的电磁干扰的能力。因此,电磁兼容检测是一项非常重要的工作,世界各国都在不断加强电磁兼容技术方面的研究。主要介绍电磁干扰及电磁干扰抑制技术等内容。电磁兼容整改主要是通过综合运用滤波、接地和屏蔽等措施对电磁兼容性改进。通过一整改案例对整改过程进行了分析,对类似产品的整改具有参考作用。     

Pt-SnO2/C电催化剂异型直接乙醇燃料电池的性能

以掺杂石墨粉的中间相碳微球(MCMB/G)烧结管为阴极支撑体,采用浸涂工艺分别制备了扩散层和催化层,通过在其外表面包裹Nafion 117膜制得管状异型阴极并组装成异型直接乙醇燃料电池,采用水热乙二醇制备了适用于直接乙醇燃料电池的阳极电催化剂,并通过XRD,TEM和EDS等技术对其进行了表征.采用线性循环伏安曲线、交流阻抗等测试手段,对Pt-SnO2/C电催化剂异型直接乙醇燃料电池进行了性能测试,并考察了温度、氧气流量等对电池极化性能的影响.结果表明:异型电池阻抗大于传统的平板电池,但其活化后电池阻抗明显下降;较高的氧气流量和较高的工作温度有利于提高电池性能;60℃条件下,Pt-SnO2/C电催化剂异型直接乙醇燃料电池功率密度达到8.5 mW·cm-2.     

真空联合堆载预压处理深厚软基试验和数值分析

为提高深厚软基的深层加固效果,对某高速公路软基采用真空联合堆载预压法处理,改进了竖向排水通道形式.在试验路段中分别设置150 mm宽的塑料排水板和插入100 mm袋装砂井作为新型竖向排水体,其中细管长度10 m,直径8 mm,对比验证了两种新型竖向排水体在提高深厚软弱土层排水固结的功效.结果表明:150 mm宽塑料排水板内真空度衰减较少,预压期地基沉降量大,8 mm细管可增大袋装砂井中真空压力的传递深度.在修正剑桥模型的基础上,考虑了软土的流变性以及卸载后再加载的变形特性,改进土体本构模型,提出了相应的真空预压有限元数值计算方法.实例验算表明:计算值与实测值的数据大小及其变化规律都吻合较好.     

Precipitation and stability of reversed austenite in 9Ni steel

A new method was used to analyze the factors affecting the precipitation of reversed austenite during tempering. The samples were kept at various tempering temperatures for 10 min and their length changes were recorded. Then, the precipitation of reversed austenite which led to the length reduction was shown by thermal expansion curves. The results show that the effects of process parameters on the precipitation of reversed austenite can be determined more accurately by this method than by X-ray diffraction. When the quenching and tempering process is adopted, both the lower quenching temperature and higher tempering temperature can promote the precipitation of reversed austenite during tempering; and when the quenching, lamellarizing, and tempering process is used, intercritical quenching is considered beneficial to the precipitation of reversed austenite in the subsequent tempering because of Ni segregation during holding at the intercritical temperature.     

Thermodynamic analysis on the formation mechanism of MgO·Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> spinel type inclusions in casing steel

MgO·Al₂O₃ spinel type inclusions in casing steel were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that there are three forms. One is pure MgO·Al₂O₃ spinel, another is the composite oxide of the Mg-Al-Ca-Si-O system, and the third is the complex with oxide as a core covered by sulfide. The formation mechanisms were studied. The influences of slag basicity and vacuum degree on the magnesium content during the vacuum treatment of molten steel and furnace lining in molten steel were calculated with the coexistence theory of slag structure. The results show that the magnesium content increases with the increase in slag basicity and aluminum content in molten steel, and decreases with the increase in CO partial pressure.     

煤粉壁摩擦特性的实验与模拟

为了研究仓壁材料性质、粒径对煤粉运动壁摩擦角的影响,用Jenike剪切测试仪,测试不同粒径煤试样在不锈钢板、碳钢板、环氧板3种常用仓壁材料上的运动壁摩擦力.结合Jenike松散物料流动理论,探讨了不同粒径煤试样运动壁摩擦系数的变化.结果表明:仓壁材料表面的粗糙度越大,煤粉的运动壁摩擦系数越大;材料刚度越大,煤粉的运动壁摩擦系数也越大;水分一定时,煤试样中小粒径煤粉含量越多,壁摩擦系数越大.同时,用离散单元法(DEM)对这一壁摩擦过程进行模拟研究.分析比较模拟结果和实验结果表明:数值模型能够有效模拟实验过程,仓壁材料粗糙度、刚度以及煤粉粒径对壁摩擦系数的影响规律与实验结果相同.     

High-resolution carbon isotope record for the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum from the Nanyang Basin,Central China

The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) was a transient episode of global warming, associated with massive atmospheric greenhouse gas input that occurred at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. Biostratigraphic and isotope stratigraphic studies indicate that the PETM event is well documented in the marl deposits of the Yuhuangding section in the Nanyang Basin, Central China, with a carbon isotope negative excursion of ~6.1‰ within 19-m-thick marl deposits. This is the highest resolution record of the PETM so far found in the world. The PETM event was triggered within 2-cm-thick marl sediments, with a decrease of δ¹³C (stable carbon isotope ratio) from –3.2‰ to –5.2‰, suggesting a massive methane hydrate release for a transient period that was possibly caused by a catastrophic event. A comparison between marine and terrestrial records indicates a “Three-Phase Model” for the PETM event. Initially there is a rapid negative excursion in the δ¹³C record, followed by a slowly decreasing trend, and then a gradual positive recovery, corresponding respectively to a rapid dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate, followed by a slow release of methane and then the consumption of the released methane.     

风筛式清选装置气流场的数值模拟与分析

为了研究风筛式清选室内气流场的分布情况,基于Reynolds时均化的连续方程、Navier-Stokes方程和标准的k-ε湍流模型构成封闭方程组,运用CFD软件Fluent,对不同的风机出风口角度、风机出风口风速和筛面中部与顶部距离3个参数进行了气流场数值模拟,分析了这3个参数对清选室气流场的影响,并进行试验验证.结果表明:风机出风口角度和筛面中部与顶部距离对清选室气流场的影响较大,风机出风口风速只影响到流速而对流场的分布规律影响不大,模拟结果与试验测量结果总体趋势基本吻合,这表明了利用Fluent进行数值模拟的正确性.