风-车-桥耦合系统的车桥气动特性

采用数值模拟方法对风-车-桥耦合系统的车桥气动特性进行分析研究,模拟计算了不同工况下车辆、桥梁的气动力系数。分析了车桥间相互的气动影响．研究结果表明．车桥耦合系统与桥梁和车辆各自单体相比较,气动力系数差异较大,故建议进行风-车-桥系统耦合振动分析时,车桥气动力系数应考虑车桥间的气动影响．     

A Critical Assessment of Project Management Methods with Respect to Electronic Government Implementation Challenges

In taking forward both the Government Modernization and the Civil Service Reform agendas, renewed emphasis is being placed on project management approaches and techniques for achieving objectives more effectively and efficiently. After elaborating on specific electronic government project implementation challenges and giving an overview of state-of-the-art project management approaches, the paper examines the weaknesses of three commonly used methods in the light of the e-Government project challenges. The analysis identifies gaps in the methods, contributing to a better understanding of the factors that lead to success or failure. The resolution of such methodological limitations could lead to the enhancement of project management methods when applied to future projects.     

Plant genetics: increased outcrossing in hothead mutants

Arising from: S. J. Lolle, J. L. Victor, J. M. Young & R. E. Pruitt 434, 505-509 (2005); Lolle et al. reply. Lolle et al. report that loss-of-function alleles of the HOTHEAD (HTH) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana are genetically unstable, giving rise to wild-type revertants. On the basis of the reversion of many other genetic markers in hth plants, they suggested a model in which a cache of extragenomic information could cause genes to revert to the genotype of previous generations. In our attempts to reproduce this phenomenon, we discovered that hth mutants show a marked tendency to outcross (unlike wild-type A. thaliana, which is almost exclusively self-fertilizing). Moreover, when hth plants are grown in isolation, their genetic inheritance is completely stable. These results may provide an alternative explanation for the genome wide non-mendelian inheritance reported by Lolle et al.     

Molecular characterization of Ph1 as a major chromosome pairing locus in polyploid wheat

The foundation of western civilization owes much to the high fertility of bread wheat, which results from the stability of its polyploid genome. Despite possessing multiple sets of related chromosomes, hexaploid (bread) and tetraploid (pasta) wheat both behave as diploids at meiosis. Correct pairing of homologous chromosomes is controlled by the Ph1 locus. In wheat hybrids, Ph1 prevents pairing between related chromosomes. Lack of Ph1 activity in diploid relatives of wheat suggests that Ph1 arose on polyploidization. Absence of phenotypic variation, apart from dosage effects, and the failure of ethylmethane sulphonate treatment to yield mutants, indicates that Ph1 has a complex structure. Here we have localized Ph1 to a 2.5-megabase interstitial region of wheat chromosome 5B containing a structure consisting of a segment of subtelomeric heterochromatin that inserted into a cluster of cdc2-related genes after polyploidization. The correlation of the presence of this structure with Ph1 activity in related species, and the involvement of heterochromatin with Ph1 (ref. 6) and cdc2 genes with meiosis, makes the structure a good candidate for the Ph1 locus.