花(鱼骨)胚胎发育及卵黄囊仔鱼形态的初步观察

运用多种处理方法对花的胚胎发育进行连续观察,并对其卵黄囊仔鱼形态变化进行初步观察与测量。观察结果显示:(1)花胚胎发育可以划分为22个明显的时期,包括7个主要的发育阶段;(2)在(20±1)℃条件下,仔鱼在出膜后的第3天开口摄食,卵黄囊在第7天基本消失,此阶段仔鱼的全长平均日增长率为4．67％,而以第4天增长最快。该实验结果将为花的人工繁殖及苗种培育,特别是为仔鱼在营养转换阶段的培育提供了理论参考。     

甲基叔丁基醚、无水乙醇、碳酸二甲酯的致突变性

评价和比较了3种汽油增氧剂甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、无水乙醇(AE)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的致突变性.采用Ames实验研究3种汽油增氧剂的致突变性;采用小鼠睾丸染色体畸变实验检测3种汽油增氧剂对小鼠睾丸染色体的致畸作用.Ames实验的阴性结果表明,在本实验条件下,未发现MTBE、AE、DMC具有致突变性.在小鼠睾丸染色体畸变实验中,虽然实验结果为阴性,但随着MTBE剂量的增加,染色体分离有增加趋势,表明其可能存在遗传毒性.     

蝾螺(Turbo cornutus Solander)N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的分离纯化及性质的初步研究

以蝾螺内脏为材料,通过硫酸铵沉淀分级分离、SephadexG 200分子筛柱层析和两次DEAE SephadexA 50离子交换柱层析纯化,获得聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳单一纯的N 乙酰 β D 氨基葡萄糖苷酶酶制剂.纯酶的比活力为1448U·mg-1.酶的紫外特征吸收峰在275nm处,内源荧光发射峰在340nm处.以对 硝基苯 N 乙酰 β D 氨基葡萄糖为底物,研究酶催化底物水解的反应动力学,结果表明:酶的最适pH为4.5,最适温度为45℃.该酶在pH3.5～6.0区域较稳定,而在pH>7能很快失活;在40℃以下处理30min,酶活力保持稳定,高于40℃,酶稳定性较差,很快失活.酶促反应动力学符合米氏双曲线方程,测得米氏常数Km为3.13mmol·L-1,最大反应速度Vm为17.68μmol·L-1·min-1.     

氨基酸对鲍鱼碱性磷酸酶活力的影响

选用L Ala、L Val、L Leu等15种氨基酸为效应物,研究它们对杂色鲍(Haliotisdiversicolor)碱性磷酸酶(EC.3.1.3.1)催化pNPP水解反应的影响.结果表明:上述这些氨基酸对鲍鱼碱性磷酸酶均有一定程度的抑制作用,抑制程度随着试剂浓度增大而加剧.当浓度为10.0mmol/L时,分别可以使酶活力下降:7.77%、36.75%、22.79%、39.86%、16.16%、19.33%、94.77%、20.19%、17.02%、40.15%、31.08%、17.52%、30.56%、36.77%和12.59%.尤其以L Cys对酶的抑制作用最为显著(抑制率为94.77%),其次是L Ile和L His,它们均能使酶活力下降40%;对酶抑制率在30%以上的氨基酸还有L Val、L Trp、L Phe和L Lys,其它选用的氨基酸对酶的抑制率小于25%.选择对杂色鲍ALP具有较明显的抑制作用的氨基酸L Val、L Ile、L Trp和L Cys等氨基酸为研究对象,研究它们对酶催化pNPP水解反应的抑制作用机理,并测定其抑制常数.结果表明L Cys的抑制作用为混合型效应,其KI和KIS值分别为0.042mmol/L和0.139mmol/L;而L Val、L Ile、L Trp为反竞争性,其KIS分别为9.56、8.55、8.09mmol/L.     

烟草花药发育过程中钙动态分布的初步观察

在烟草花药发育过程中,用焦锑酸钾沉淀的松弛结合钙显示出了一个与花药发育事态有关的动态:在孢原细胞时期的花药中几乎看不到钙颗粒.但到小孢子母细胞时期,花药中开始有钙颗粒沉淀,而且显示出向花药室中流动的迹象.当花粉母细胞进行减数分裂时,花药绒毡层细胞和花粉母细胞中出现了许多的细小钙颗粒.在小孢子发育时期,在绒毡层细胞解体之前,细胞中的钙被集中到小液泡中.在小孢子细胞质中仍有较多的钙颗粒,同时在花粉壁上也有钙颗粒沉积在外壁的基部.到小孢子分裂形成二胞花粉后,细胞质中的钙明显减少.当二胞花粉中的大液泡消失,细胞质中积累淀粉粒以后,花粉中可看到的钙颗粒很少.同时,在花药维管束周围的薄壁细胞中,又出现了较多的钙颗粒,表明花粉对钙离子的需求可能已降低.烟草花药发育过程中钙的动态分布特征暗示着钙参与了调控花粉发育过程,尤其是与小孢子转变过程中的重要事态有密切关系.     

三维各向同性谐振子的Lie对称性与守恒量

从讨论完整保守力学系统微分方程的不变性 (即Lie对称性 )出发 ,得到其确定方程、结构方程及守恒量的形式 ,从而讨论三维各向同性谐振子的Lie对称性和相应的 10个Lie对称守恒量 .     

模具热处理工艺并行设计

针对目前模具热处理中存在的问题，提出模具热处理工艺并行设计的新思想，将热处理CAD／CAE集成于并行环境中，并建立了相关模型，在各模块之间以实体一关系模型串联，建立动态推理机制，可使各单元模型间实现联动效应．将温度、组织、应力及性能进行耦合是模具热处理未来发展的方向，但建立一个普适性的数学模型是必要的，通过灵活的管理与协调，可及时沟通信息，减少冲突与冗余过程。     

Robot Calibration Using Active Vision-based Measurement

This paper presents an efficient robot calibration method with non-contact vision metrology. Using the coplanar pattern to calibrate camera made the active-vision-based end-effector pose measurement be a feasible and cost-effective way. Kinematic parameter errors were linearized and identified through two-step procedure, thus the singular and non-linear condition was overcome. These errors were then compensated using inverse model method. The whole calibration process is flexible, easy to implement and prevents the error propagation from the earlier stages to the later ones. Calibration was performed on MOTOMAN SV3 industrial robot. Experiment results show that the proposed method is easy to setup and with satisfactory accuracy.     

A Study on the Surface Structures of Viscose-based Activated Carbon Fiber by FT-IR Spectroscopy and XPS

Using viscose fiber (VF) as starting material and common steam as activating agent, formation of oxygen structures in activated carbon fiber is investigated. In the preparation of samples, VF was first heated at temperatures between 450℃ and 900℃ in N_2 artmosphere. Then, in a successive activation stage, the product carbonized at 600℃ was activated in steam at 450-900℃ for 30 min, and at 600℃ for 5-30 min. The other carbonization products were activated at 600 and 900℃ for 30 min respectively. The products activated at 900℃ were then activated at 450℃ for 30 min again. The starting materiah carbonized products and all activation products were examined by FT-IR spectroscopy and some products were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). And the yields of the carbonized and activated products were calculated. By analysing these spectra, the amount of oxygen-containing functional groups of the activated products attained under various activation time, various activation temperature and     

Switched Capacitor Network Analysis by Means of TCM

The totally coded method (TCM) reveals the same objective law, which governs the gain calculating for signal flow graph as Mason formula does. This algorithm is carried out merely in the domain of code operation. Based on pure code algorithm, it is more efficient because figure searching is no longer necessary. The code-series (CS), which are organized from node association table, have the holoinformation nature, so that both the content and the sign of each gain-term can be determined via the coded method. The principle of this method is obvious and it is suited for computer programming. The capability of the computeraided analysis for Switched Capacitor (SCN) can be enhanced.