Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations before 2.2 billion years ago

The composition of the Earth's early atmosphere is a subject of continuing debate. In particular, it has been suggested that elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide would have been necessary to maintain normal surface temperatures in the face of lower solar luminosity in early Earth history. Fossil weathering profiles, known as palaeosols, have provided semi-quantitative constraints on atmospheric oxygen partial pressure (pO2) before 2.2 Gyr ago. Here we use the same well studied palaeosols to constrain atmospheric pCO2 between 2.75 and 2.2 Gyr ago. The observation that iron lost from the tops of these profiles was reprecipitated lower down as iron silicate minerals, rather than as iron carbonate, indicates that atmospheric pCO2 must have been less than 10(-1.4) atm--about 100 times today's level of 360 p.p.m., and at least five times lower than that required in one-dimensional climate models to compensate for lower solar luminosity at 2.75 Gyr. Our results suggest that either the Earth's early climate was much more sensitive to increases in pCO2 than has been thought, or that one or more greenhouse gases other than CO2 contributed significantly to the atmosphere's radiative balance during the late Archaean and early Proterozoic eons.     

视觉伺服系统中的最优控制律的探讨

通过建立视觉反馈系统的模型和视觉伺服的公式化模型,对特征信息法作理论公式的推导,讨论线性模型的稳定性和可控性,推导最优控制律．     

ze^z＋λ的动力系统

研究整函数族ｆλ（ｚ）＝ｚｅ＾ｚ＋λ（λ∈Ｃ）的动力系统。方法用Ｂａｋｅｒ研究ｅ＾λｚ所采用的方法。结果与结论设Ｄｐ＝｛λ∈｜ ｆλ（ｚ）有一个ｐ阶的吸性周期点｝,Ｄｐ表示Ｄｐ的一个连通分支。     

间接碘量法误差问题讨论

间接碘量法是常用的氧化还原分析方法之一。本文对引起间接碘量法产生误差的各种原因进行了讨论,推导出不对称电对氧化还原反应计量点电位计算的一般表达式,并提出了改进滴定方法的建议。     

Δ—伪度量族与Menger概率度量空间

引进了Δ－伪度量族概念,研究了Ｍｅｎｇｅｒ概率度量空间与Δ－伪度量族生成空间的关系,证明了每个Ｍｅｎｇｅｒ概率度量空间（Ｅ,Ｆ,Δ）都可由Ｅ上的一个Δ－伪度量族｛ｄλ｝λ∈（０,１）所确定．     

炉温滑模变结构控制系统的研究

针对ＧＪ型光辐射加热炉在对不同材料加热时,其数学模型参数变化范围较大的特点,提出了采用滑模变结构控制代替常规ＰＩＤ控制的方法,并对炉温变结构控制系统进行了仿真研究,研究结果表明,采用变结构控制的炉温控制系统,不仅有很好的动态特性,而且具有较强的鲁棒性,对对象参数摄动具有很好的自适应能力,这将大大增加辐射加热炉的应用范围。     

海底电缆铺设系统中监控软件及通讯系统的设计研究

介绍了微机实时监控系统中主机与多台可编程控制器间一种可靠的数据方案,讨论了其通讯接口、通讯格格式和通讯软件,并设计了实时监控软件,该系统具有结构简单,调试方便、工作可靠等优点,已在现场成功应用。     

SrxBa1—xTiO3陶瓷的频域介电谱

用固相反应法制备ＳｒｘＢａ１－ｘＴｉＯ３系列陶瓷．当ｘ＝０．３０时呈现显著的驰豫相变特征．在５Ｈｚ至１ＭＨｚ范围,相对介电常数的实部ε′随频率ｆ的降低而增大．１／ε′与ｌｇｆ的关系曲线呈现折曲的２段直线．高频相对介电常数的实部ε′ｈ随ｘ的增加而增大是与顺电相的增加而对应．测量点（ε′,ε″）随频率ｆ的变化分布在复平面的一条直线上．     

Symmetry perception in an insect

Symmetrical visual patterns have a salient status in human perception, as evinced by their prevalent occurrence in art, and also in animal perception, where they may be an indicator of phenotypic and genotypic quality. Symmetry perception has been demonstrated in humans, birds, dolphins and apes. Here we show that bees trained to discriminate bilaterally symmetrical from non-symmetrical patterns learn the task and transfer it appropriately to novel stimuli, thus demonstrating a capacity to detect and generalize symmetry or asymmetry. We conclude that bees, and possibly flower-visiting insects in general, can acquire a generalized preference towards symmetrical or, alternatively, asymmetrical patterns depending on experience, and that symmetry detection is preformed or can be learned as perceptual category by insects, because it can be extracted as an independent visual pattern feature. Bees show a predisposition for learning and generalized symmetry because, if trained to it, they choose it more frequently, come closer to and hover longer in front of the novel symmetrical stimuli than the bees trained for asymmetry do for the novel asymmetrical stimuli. Thus, even organisms with comparatively small nervous systems can generalize about symmetry, and favour symmetrical over asymmetrical patterns.