商业伦理的形而上学基础

考虑到形而上学和伦理的原则是人类所有理论知识与实践选择的首要而有效的方法,通过考察古代对形而上学和商业伦理的哲学反思,人自身、人的才能和商业伦理,西塞罗、亚里士多德和中世纪关于人自身的反思,训练智力和伦理美德的商业教育,从无创造、道成肉身和现代商业伦理,基督教、有限管理和现代商业伦理,现代企业的成功及商业伦理等,揭示出健康的政治经济秩序是建立在好的形而上学原则之上的.     

Acetylation of mescaline in rat brains

Resumen N-Acetilmescalina fue identificada con otros metabolitos en el cerebro de las ratas después de recibir¹⁴C-mescalina. La formación de este metabolito acetilado se demostró incubando la mescalina radioactiva con la fracción soluble del cerebro de las ratas. Nuestros resultados indican que el cerebro de dichos animales puede acetilar mescalina, y que la acetilación ocurre predominantemente en la fracción soluble.

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The authors wish to thank MissSandra Clark for her technical assistance.     

反物质都到哪里去了?

B介子的测量表明 ,粒子物理的标准模型无法解释为什么宇宙是由物质而不是反物质构成的     

On a family of finite moving‐average trend filters for the ends of series

A family of finite end filters is constructed using a minimum revisions criterion and based on a local dynamic model operating within the span of a given finite central filter. These end filters are equivalent to evaluating the central filter with unavailable future observations replaced by constrained optimal linear predictions. Two prediction methods are considered: best linear unbiased prediction and best linear biased prediction where the bias is time invariant. The properties of these end filters are determined. In particular, they are compared to X‐11 end filters and to the case where the central filter is evaluated with unavailable future observations predicted by global ARIMA models as in X‐11‐ARIMA or X‐12‐ARIMA. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

溶菌酶触发的芽孢杆菌芽孢萌发及其异质性研究

【目的】了解溶菌酶触发芽孢杆菌孢子萌发的异质性及其机制,为认识芽孢(Spore)萌发机制和杀灭芽孢提供参考。【方法】应用拉曼光谱和微分干涉差(DIC)显微镜成像技术高通量分析大量单个Bacillus subtilis(Bs)和B.megaterium(Bm)芽孢经溶菌酶触发的萌发动态。【结果】溶菌酶浓度和温度越高,芽孢萌发越快,孢内CaDPA开始快速释放时间(T_(lag))、快速释放所需时间(ΔT_(release))和芽孢皮层水解所需时间(ΔT_(lys))越短;低于20℃,Bs芽孢萌发的ΔT_(release)值是25℃时的4倍以上。SpoVA蛋白高表达菌株的ΔT_(release)值和普通菌株基本相同,而缺少皮层水解酶的菌株ΔT_(release)值高于普通菌株。95℃处理15min的孢子,其T_(lag)、ΔT_(release)和ΔT_(lys)值是对照的2倍以上。Bs芽孢萌发的异质性明显,不仅表现在芽孢间,也表现在菌株间。Bm芽孢对溶菌酶更敏感,芽孢间的异质性显著低于Bs。【结论】溶菌酶触发的芽孢萌发在物种、菌株和单细胞层面都存在显著的异质性;溶菌酶浓度和温度对芽孢萌发有重大影响;皮层水解酶也可能参与溶菌酶触发的芽孢萌发进程。     

The Emergent Properties of SSM in Use: A Symposium by Reflective Practitioners

Two careers, in industry and in university teaching at postgraduate level, have led to the development of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) in a 30-year program of action research. The most cogent comments on SSM come from reflective practitioners, and in this symposium I have asked eight such users of SSM to reflect on their experience and to address the question of what it is that happens when the approach is used in real-world problem situations. Their responses reflect their different backgrounds, experience, and ways of working, but a broad general picture emerges. This suggests that SSM (whose process does not necessarily have to be made explicit to participants in a study) can engender a process of on-going (cyclic) coherent structured learning which feels natural, and which can surface previously unexamined assumptions, thus creating an arena in which accommodations can emerge which enable and motivate "action to improve" to be taken.     

Origin of morphotropic phase boundaries in ferroelectrics

A piezoelectric material is one that generates a voltage in response to a mechanical strain (and vice versa). The most useful piezoelectric materials display a transition region in their composition phase diagrams, known as a morphotropic phase boundary, where the crystal structure changes abruptly and the electromechanical properties are maximal. As a result, modern piezoelectric materials for technological applications are usually complex, engineered, solid solutions, which complicates their manufacture as well as introducing complexity in the study of the microscopic origins of their properties. Here we show that even a pure compound, in this case lead titanate, can display a morphotropic phase boundary under pressure. The results are consistent with first-principles theoretical predictions, but show a richer phase diagram than anticipated; moreover, the predicted electromechanical coupling at the transition is larger than any known. Our results show that the high electromechanical coupling in solid solutions with lead titanate is due to tuning of the high-pressure morphotropic phase boundary in pure lead titanate to ambient pressure. We also find that complex microstructures or compositions are not necessary to obtain strong piezoelectricity. This opens the door to the possible discovery of high-performance, pure-compound electromechanical materials, which could greatly decrease costs and expand the utility of piezoelectric materials.