A comparison of optimization theories for energy conservation in heat exchanger groups

In general,thermal processes can be classified into two categories: heat-work conversion processes and heat transfer processes. Correspondingly,the optimization of thermal processes has to have two different criteria:the well known entropy generation minimization method and the recently proposed entransy dissipation maximization method. This study analyzes the thermal issues in a heat exchanger group,and optimizes the unit arrangements under different constraints based on a suitable optimization crite-rion. The result indicates that the principle of minimum entropy generation rate is valid for optimizing heat exchangers in a ther-modynamic cycle with given boundary temperatures. In contrast,the entransy dissipation maximization is more suitable in heat exchanger optimizations involving only heat transfer processes. Furthermore,the entropy generation rate induced by dumping used streams into ambient surroundings has to be taken into account,except for that originating from the hot and cold-ends of heat exchangers,when using the entropy generation minimization to optimize heat exchangers undergoing a thermodynamic cycle.     

Progress in the research of GSH in cells

Glutathione (GSH), γ-Glu-Cys-Gly, is one of the most abundant small non-protein thiol molecules in mammalian tissues, particu- larly in the liver. Although glutathione is present in thiol-reduced (GSH) and disulfide oxidized (GSSG) forms, the predominant form is GSH and its content can exceed 10 mmol/L in liver cells. As an important intracellular reductant, GSH has many biological functions in cells. Its major function is as an anti-oxidant as it can protect proteins from oxidation by reversible posttranslational modification (glutathionylation) and decrease reactive oxygen species-mediated damage. However, it does have numerous other functions, including to chelate metal irons; enhance the absorption of iron, selenium and calcium; participate in lipid and insulin metabolism; regulate cellular events such as gene expression, DNA and protein synthesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, redox-dependent signal transduction pathways, cytokine production and the immune response; and control protein glutathionylation. Therefore, GSH plays important roles in cell survival and health, and an imbalance in the GSH level can lead to many diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the function of GSH in mammalian cells and discuss future research of GSH.     

Compact fiber-optic diode-laser sensor system for wide-dynamic-range relative humidity measurement

A compact fiber-optic diode-laser sensor system for measuring relative humidity is studied. In such a system, a distributed feedback laser lasing near 1877 nm is used as light source while a high-precision Pt resistance as temperature sensor, an accuracy of 0.1% relative-humidity can be achieved. The laser sensor system is able to lock to the absorption peak and calculate the density of water vapor without any additional reference measurements. Using programs built in to the microcontroller unit, the laser system can switch functions between direct measurement at high density and second-harmonic detection at low density. The system can switch between the two modes automatically and work in a wide dynamic range.     

论思维的复杂系统模型暨新一代专家系统的设想

在复杂系统研究思想指导下,构建了基于神经元网络结构的复杂系统思维模型,提出以网络节点表示概念,以网络连接表示命题,以网络回路实现知识表达,以网络节点间的时空动力学激发实现演绎推理等思维活动的理论新框架,并以此为基础对新一代专家系统进行了设计。     

救荒野豌豆对根竞争的响应及其识别机制

以救荒野豌豆为材料,研究其对邻体根的响应机制以及根之间的识别方式.结果表明:邻体根存在时,叶、茎、冠、根生物量,根冠比和花数量均没有变化,而繁殖生物量明显增加,表明根的生长与繁殖不存在权衡,也表明救荒野豌豆能够检测到邻体根的存在并做出响应;根之间的识别方式既有直接接触,也有间接的化感作用.     

基于浙江省台风灾害保险数据的农村住房易损性评价

利用浙江省农业政策性保险试点项目中的农村住房保险及理赔数据,定量分析了浙江省2007年圣帕、韦帕及罗莎3场台风灾害期间农村住房投保金额、赔付金额、保额损失率的分县汇总数据,以及与这3场台风的极大风速、过程降水量等致灾因子强度的定量关系.研究发现,浙江省农村住房的台风灾害保险金额损失率,其对数与过程降雨量有着很好的线性相关关系.依据这一关系,建立了浙江省农村住房台风易损性方程并给出相关参数.     

不同恶化程度胃癌细胞系的细胞间隙连接通讯功能及Cx43表达的差异

以人正常胃黏膜上皮细胞系GES-1和不同恶化程度的人胃癌细胞系(低恶化AGS细胞系、中恶化SGC-7901细胞系、高恶化BGC-823细胞系)为研究对象,采用激光共聚焦显微镜的荧光漂白恢复技术及划痕标记荧光染料示踪技术研究不同恶化程度的胃癌细胞系细胞间隙连接通讯(Gap junctional intercellular communication,GJIC)功能的差异;采用荧光定量PCR技术和间接免疫荧光技术检测间隙连接蛋白(Connexin43,Cx43)基因在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达差异,探求其与胃癌恶性程度的相关性.结果表明,在正常胃细胞系和低、中及高恶化胃腺癌细胞系中,细胞间的GJIC功能随着恶性程度的升高而减弱(AGS、SGC-7901)或消失(BGC-823),且Cx43蛋白及mRNA的表达量随着恶性程度的升高而下调(AGS、SGC-7901)或缺失(BGC-823).这提示胃癌恶性程度与胃癌细胞的GJIC功能显著相关(P<0.05),GJIC在胃癌发生中起重要作用.     

联合摄影及斜点样方法的单株植物冠层结构参数测量(Ⅰ):冠层三维重建

联合摄影、三维立体体元模型及光线跟踪法开展了面向高精度总面积指数(plant area index,PAI)测量的冠层精细三维模型重建研究.研究发现,冠层背景及天气条件对冠层影像分类影响显著;相机外方位元素解算精度受控制点精度影响较大,但受控制点数目影响相对较小.合理的单位体元大小及分区大小组合对于冠层三维重建至关重要,任意单位体元大小及分区大小组合可引起冠层三维重建异常.与立体体元大小相比,分区大小对冠层三维重建影响更为显著.     

炼油厂废水库底泥中半挥发性有机污染物监测与评价

采用超声提取结合GC/MS测定了克拉玛依炼油厂污水库底质中的半挥发性有机物。选择16个多环芳烃作为加标物,测定超声提取法的回收率在65%94%。从底泥中检出62个色谱峰,能准确定性20个组分,主要包括9个多环芳烃、5个正构烷烃和3个酚类化合物。对缺少标准物的组分采用结构相似物进行定量,浓度范围在0.1259 ng/g。...     

基于综合定权法的中国玉米综合灾害风险评价

基于AHP层次分析法、PCA偏相关分析法、BP神经网络法等多种赋权法的对比分析,提出了一种将定性分析和定量计算有效融合的多指标综合定权模型IW.据此评价了中国各省(市、区)玉米的综合灾害风险,并绘制了中国玉米综合自然灾害风险等级图.结果表明,使用IW综合定权模型能够得到更加合理、精确的指标权重,据此绘制的风险评价图不仅能够很好反映中国玉米种植风险的地域分异规律,而且具有良好的解释性.