H_∞-based fault detection for nonlinear networked systems with random packet dropout and probabilistic interval delay

The fault detection problem for the nonlinear networked control system(NCS) with packet dropout and delay is investigated.A nonlinear stochastic system model is proposed to account for the NCS with random packet dropout and networkinduced non-uniformly distributed time-varying delay in both from sensor to controller(S/C) and from controller to actuator(C/A).Based on the obtained NCS model,employing an observer-based fault detection filter as the residual generator,the addressed fault detection problem is converted into an auxiliary nonlinear H∞ control problem.Then,with the help of Lyapunov functional approach,a sufficient condition for the desired fault detection filter is constructed in terms of certain linear matrix inequalities,which depend on not only the delay interval but also the delay interval occurrence rate and successful packet communication rate.Especially,a trade-off phenomenon between the maximum allowable delay bound and successful data packet transmission rate is found,which is typically resulted from the limited bandwidth of communication networks.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a simulation example.     

房地产项目施工管理存在的问题及解决措施

文章结合工作经验，就房地产项目施工管理过程中的问题，提出了一些看法，并介绍了解决方法，以便顺利地进行房地产项目的开发。     

Transformation and diversification in early mammal evolution

Evolution of the earliest mammals shows successive episodes of diversification. Lineage-splitting in Mesozoic mammals is coupled with many independent evolutionary experiments and ecological specializations. Classic scenarios of mammalian morphological evolution tend to posit an orderly acquisition of key evolutionary innovations leading to adaptive diversification, but newly discovered fossils show that evolution of such key characters as the middle ear and the tribosphenic teeth is far more labile among Mesozoic mammals. Successive diversifications of Mesozoic mammal groups multiplied the opportunities for many dead-end lineages to iteratively evolve developmental homoplasies and convergent ecological specializations, parallel to those in modern mammal groups.     

Convergent dental adaptations in pseudo-tribosphenic and tribosphenic mammals

Tribosphenic molars of basal marsupials and placentals are a major adaptation, with the protocone (pestle) of the upper molar crushing and grinding in the talonid basin (mortar) on the lower molar. The extinct pseudo-tribosphenic mammals have a reversed tribosphenic molar in which a pseudo-talonid is anterior to the trigonid, to receive the pseudo-protocone of the upper molar. The pseudo-protocone is analogous to the protocone, but the anteriorly placed pseudo-talonid is opposite to the posterior talonid basin of true tribosphenic mammals. Here we describe a mammal of the Middle Jurassic period with highly derived pseudo-tribosphenic molars but predominantly primitive mandibular and skeletal features, and place it in a basal position in mammal phylogeny. Its shoulder girdle and limbs show fossorial features similar to those of mammaliaforms and monotremes, but different compared with those of the earliest-known Laurasian tribosphenic (boreosphenid) mammals. The find reveals a much greater range of dental evolution in Mesozoic mammals than in their extant descendants, and strengthens the hypothesis of homoplasy of 'tribosphenic-like' molars among mammals.     

超弹性膜的等轴拉伸试验方法及仿真

提出了一种针对超弹性膜材料的等轴对称拉伸试验装置,介绍了等轴拉伸试验的原理和方法,并对等轴拉伸试验条件及数据处理进行了分析,最后运用有限元软件ABAQUS对等轴理想拉伸、边角拉伸点不固定的自由拉伸、边角点固定的等轴拉伸3种等轴拉伸方法进行仿真.结果表明,边角点固定的等轴拉伸方法在较大拉伸试验范围内的误差较小,可以满足材...     

喷雾干燥-碳热还原法制备介孔球形LiFePO4/C正极材料

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为辅助模板剂和碳源,以廉价的三价铁为铁源,采用喷雾干燥-碳热还原法制备了LiFePO4/C正极材料,并对该材料的微观结构及PEG添加量、焙烧温度等对材料结构和性能的影响进行了表征和研究.结果表明:制得的LiFePO4/C材料呈介孔结构,具有漂亮的差级球状形貌、高的比表面积和容量、优异的循环性;PEG...     

基于GMM和MRF的自适应阴影检测

运动目标阴影在很大程度上会影响运动目标跟踪、行为识别的正确性和有效性.为此,文中提出了一种基于混合高斯模型和马尔科夫随机场的自适应阴影检测方法.该方法首先对混合高斯模型进行改进,使其可以自适应调整参数学习率以消除浅阴影;然后采用马尔科夫随机场综合邻域的空间依赖性信息进行精确的阴影检测.为了提高基于马尔科夫随机场的阴影检...     

胸导管结扎对胰淀肽沉积及胰岛激素和糖代谢的影响

采用腹部结扎大鼠胸导管,建立胰淋巴瘀滞动物模型,观察实验动物胰组织结构的变化和胰淀肽沉积情况,探讨胰淋巴瘀滞对胰岛激素和糖代谢的影响.30只10月龄SD大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组;造模后6个月取胰组织标本,经石蜡包埋和切片,常规HE和刚果红染色,冰冻切片胰淀肽免疫组织化学染色后光镜观察;在胸导管结扎前、后及实验动物处死前,分别取静脉血测血糖、胰岛素和C-肽.结果显示:1)实验组动物胰组织切片的HE和刚果红染色光镜观察显示,胰腺小叶和胰岛的组织间隙明显增宽,而且胰岛普遍表现为朱红色刚果红着色现象;2)胰淀肽免疫组织化学染色切片的光镜观察表明,在实验组动物的胰岛及其周围,普遍呈现胰淀肽免疫反应强阳性棕褐色着色反应;3)实验组大鼠术后血糖明显升高,血清胰岛素水平下降,与对照组相比差异显著,然而C-肽水平的变化不明显.胰组织结构的变化提示,结扎胸导管可导致胰淋巴引流障碍、胰腺内脂肪堆积、胰岛及其周围胰淀肽沉积、胰岛细胞功能受损、血中胰岛素浓度下降和血糖水平升高.     

斜入射激光脉冲与稠密等离子体相互作用产生的阿秒脉冲

利用一维粒子模拟程序研究和比较了斜入射和垂直入射激光脉冲与稠密等离子体相互作用得到的阿秒脉冲以及激光强度对阿秒脉冲转换比率的影响.同样参数下,斜入射的阿秒脉冲转换比率明显高于垂直入射的情况,滤波后得到的阿秒脉冲振幅比较大,而脉冲串中阿秒脉冲的个数则是垂直入射时的一半.根据振荡镜面模型对两种情况进行了分析,由镜面振荡方程可以对结果给出解释.保持等离子体密度不变,增大入射激光强度时,随着滤波次数的增加,斜入射与垂直入射的阿秒脉冲的转换比率逐渐趋于相同.300次以上高通滤波后我们得到了处于X射线范围的阿秒脉冲.     

Parametric effects on the combustion flow field of a typical strut-based scramjet combustor

The flame-holding mechanism in hypersonic propulsion technology is the most important factor in prolonging the duration time of hypersonic vehicles.The two-dimensional coupled implicit Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations,the shear-stress transport k-ω turbulence model and the finite-rate/eddy-dissipation reaction models were used to simulate the combustion flow field of a typical strut-based scramjet combustor.We investigated the effects of the hydrogen-air reaction mechanism and fuel injection temperature and pressure on the parametric distributions in the combustor.The numerical results show qualitative agreement with the experimental data.The hydrogen-air reaction mechanism makes only a slight difference in parametric distributions along the walls of the combustor,and the expansion waves and shock waves exist in the combustor simultaneously.Furthermore,the expansion wave is formed ahead of the shock wave.A transition occurs from the shock wave to the normal shock wave when the injection pressure or temperature increases,and the reaction zone becomes broader.When the injection pressure and temperature both increase,the waves are pushed out of the combustor with subsonic flows.When the waves are generated ahead of the strut,the separation zone is formed in double near the walls of the combustor because of the interaction of the shock wave and the boundary layer.The separation zone becomes smaller and disappears with the disappearance of the shock wave.Because of the horizontal fuel injection,the vorticity is generated near the base face of the strut,and this region is the main origin for turbulent combustion.