水生动物外来物种入侵风险评估系统的建立

通过对我国水生动物外来物种入侵现状分析,提出对其风险评估的重要性、必要性以及应用的前景．考虑到建立风险评估系统的复杂性,通过水生动物生境模拟实验模型,获取评估对象的繁殖力、竞争力和生存力指标,结合环境监测等数据,建立我国水生动物外来物种信息数据库,并将外来物种分为肉食性物种、杂食性物种和适生区物种三个大类,分别建立名录检索、引入文献数据检索和专家名录检索等相关检索,结合计算机技术,初步确定入侵风险评估的具体指标,构建了一个具体可行的水生动物外来物种入侵风险评估系统．     

宜昌市城区PM_(2.5)污染形成灰霾天气的规律研究

2012年选取与气象站点相邻的一个环境空气质量测点对PM2.5进行了研究性监测,测点距地面23m,全年PM2.5质量浓度在19~284μg/m3之间,年均质量浓度为89μg/m3,月均质量浓度最高的为1月.系统分析全年PM2.5监测质量浓度与相邻气象测点灰霾、能见度观测数据之间的关系,得到以下结论:宜昌市城区PM2.5污染质量浓度与灰霾观测值相关性不强,但与能见度的观测值显著相关;全年能见度降低受PM2.5污染的影响具有季节性,2、5~6三个月与7~9三个月及4、10~11三个月,这3组月份内的PM2.5与能见度之间的回归曲线基本一致,全年中3月份影响最大,而1月份最小,主要与气温、风速、降雨因素有关.     

细小病毒与致癌蛋白质序列同源性比较佐证细小病毒无致癌潜力

在Micro Vax II及IBM/PC机上用Framis,Genepro软件,蛋白质、核酸序列数据库Swissprot,PIR,EMBL和Genbank,比较了H-1或MVM的四种蛋白质与现已报道的致癌蛋白质序列的同源性。结果表明,它们之间的配对百分数很低且是随机的,这可能是细小病毒没有致癌潜力的佐证。本实验室还初步证明PV MVM可以杀死经人Ha-ras与v-myc共转染大鼠胚胎成纤维细胞形成的转化细胞,这将为临床治疗抗放射线的人癌提供新途径。     

Biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon in soil extracts and leachates from a temperate forest stand and its relationship to ultraviolet absorbance

The amount and biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in forest floors can contribute to carbon sequestration in soils and the release of CO 2-C from soil to the atmosphere.There is only limited knowledge about the biodegradation of DOC in soil extracts and leachates due to the limitations inherent in degradation experiments.Differences in the biodegradation of DOC were studied in forest soil extracts using cold and hot water and 4 mmol/L CaCl 2 solution and in soil leachates sampled under different conditions over a wide range of DOC concentrations.From these results,we developed a simple and rapid method for determining the biodegradable organic C in forest floors.The hot water extracts and CaCl 2 extracts after CH 3 Cl fumigation contained higher concentrations of biodegradable organic C than the cold water extracts and CaCl 2 extracts before fumigation,with rapid DOC degradation occurring 24-48 h after incubation with an inoculum,followed by slow DOC degradation till 120-168 h into the incubation.During a 7-d incubation with an inoculum,the variation in DOC degradation in the different soil extracts was consistent with the change in special UV absorbance at 254 nm.Relatively higher levels of biodegradable organic C were detected in soil leachates from the forest canopy than in forest gaps between April and October 2008 (P <0.05).Relatively lower concentrations of DOC and biodegradable organic C were observed in soil leachates from N-fertilized plots during the growing season compared with the control,with the exception of the plot treated with KNO 3 at a rate of 45 kg N ha 1 a 1.Around 77.4% to 96.3% of the variability in the biodegradable organic C concentrations in the forest floors could be accounted for by the initial DOC concentration and UV absorbance at 254 nm.Compared with the conventional inoculum incubation method,the method of analyzing UV absorbance at 254 nm is less time consuming and requires a much smaller sample volume.The results suggest that the regression models obtained using the initial DOC concentration and UV absorbance can provide a rapid,simple and reliable method for determining the biodegradable organic C content,especially in field studies involving relatively large numbers of samples.     

无线抄表系统的构建

无线抄表系统的构建,不仅方便对四表的和管理维护,而且减轻了抄表人员的工作负担,节省了人力、物力,是未来抄表系统发展的趋势。本文简要介绍了无线抄表系统的功能特点、设计方案。     

民族贫困地区乡村旅游扶贫绩效评价实证分析--以湘西土家族苗族自治州为例

利用层次分析法,构建了关于民族贫困地区乡村旅游扶贫绩效评价的指标体系,并对湘西土家族苗族自治州(下称湘西州)乡村旅游扶贫绩效进行了评价。结果表明,2015年湘西州乡村旅游扶贫绩效处于良好等级,但农民人均纯收入、地区年旅游就业人数、森林覆盖率等指标的实际得分与标准得分之间差距较大,影响了湘西州乡村旅游扶贫的绩效。为此,提出了加强湘西州乡村旅游基础设施建设、通过开展乡村旅游职业技能培训推动乡村居民旅游就业等应对策略。     

利用有机溶剂法快速纯化绿色荧光蛋白

介绍非色谱GFP纯化方法——有机溶剂纯化法．该方法在短时间内（30min）即可获得大量较高纯度（91．7％）,且荧光光谱特征不改变的GFP蛋白．纯化过程简单,无需昂贵的仪器和设备,适合绝大多数中小实验室使用．     

Removal of NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> by radical injection

Removal of NOx(DeNOx, NOx is the total of NO and NO2) from flue gas by radical injection has been investigated .the discharge characteristics were examined and the steady streamer corona was acquired hy adjusting the nozzle gases properly. It was Found that an increase in the voltage resulted in a decrease in the NO concentration and the concentration of the NO2 increased at tow voltages but decreased as the voltage rose to a certain level. The DeNOx efficiency increased as the applied voltage rose and reached a maximum of 70% when the voltage approached the breakdown voltage. The hypothetical mechanism of NOx removal suggested that the radicals formed in the discharge process converted the NO and NO2 into acidic species. The Monte Carlo method was used to calculate the rate coefficients and the productivity of the radicals, and then the concentrations of both NO and NO2 and the DeNOx effielencies were calculated with chemical kinetics. The calculated DeNOx efficiencies were coalparable with the experimental DeNOx efficiencies at low voltages, but were lower at high voltages.     

平行双回线路单回线不对称故障时提取故障分量的新方法

针对传统的只能在故障后2到3个周波提取故障分量的缺点,提出了单回线不对称故障在整个故障过程提取故障分量的新方法.该方法在平行双回线路的六序故障分量理论和单回线不对称故障复合序网图的基础上,根据同向网正、负序电流分布系数相等和反向网正、负序电流分布系数相等的特点,用正、负序电流反向量和负序电流同向量间接求得正序电流同向量的故障分量,进而合成得到每回线各相电流的故障分量.该方法不受负荷电流和电网参数波动的影响.PSASP和MATLAB仿真表明,通过该方法得到的故障分量同实际故障分量相同,而且可以长时间提取.     

超高性能混凝土节段拼装混凝土护栏受力性能分析

面对装配化桥梁的高速发展及服役桥梁混凝土护栏改造的装配化需求,提出由超高性能混凝土(ultra-high perform-ance concrete,UHPC)装配连接的新型节段拼装混凝土护栏.通过数值模拟对比分析了准静态荷载和冲击荷载作用下新型节段拼装混凝土护栏和普通混凝土护栏的极限荷载、动力响应和破坏形式.结果 表明:新型节段拼装混凝土护栏在各类加载条件下均具有普通混凝土护栏同等的防撞性能;UHPC构件能替翼缘板吸收大量冲击能量,可有效减小翼缘板受力,起到一定的保护作用.所提混凝土护栏节段拼装方案为混凝土护栏的装配化施工提供参考.