T-cell-expressed proprotein convertase furin is essential for maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance

Furin is one of seven proprotein convertase family members that promote proteolytic maturation of proproteins. It is induced in activated T cells and is reported to process a variety of substrates including the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 (refs 2-4), but the non-redundant functions of furin versus other proprotein convertases in T cells are unclear. Here we show that conditional deletion of furin in T cells allowed for normal T-cell development but impaired the function of regulatory and effector T cells, which produced less TGF-beta1. Furin-deficient T regulatory (Treg) cells were less protective in a T-cell transfer colitis model and failed to induce Foxp3 in normal T cells. Additionally, furin-deficient effector cells were inherently over-active and were resistant to suppressive activity of wild-type Treg cells. Thus, our results indicate that furin is indispensable in maintaining peripheral tolerance, which is due, at least in part, to its non-redundant, essential function in regulating TGF-beta1 production. Targeting furin has emerged as a strategy in malignant and infectious disease. Our results suggest that inhibiting furin might activate immune responses, but may result in a breakdown in peripheral tolerance.     

P2P流媒体系统中基于多点获取的快速启动机制

在对等网络(P2P)流媒体系统中,为保证媒体的平滑播放,缩短节点的启动时延,充分利用P2P网络中节点的存储资源和带宽资源,提出了一种基于多点获取的启动方法.即在提供服务的节点上缓存一部分媒体数据,以提高客户节点请求数据的命中率;同时,客户节点以自身与服务节点间的端到端时延为依据,并发地从多个服务节点获取媒体数据,以加快获取媒体数据的速度.该方法隐藏了P2P流媒体系统中的搜索时延,屏蔽了网络时延,加快了数据获取,从而将节点的启动时延缩短40 %以上.     

奥氏体不锈钢小孔钻削仿真及试验研究

基于有限变形理论、虚功原理、更新的拉格朗日公式及热弹塑性本构方程,建立了金属小孔钻削加工的热力耦合有限元模型;针对难加工材料1Cr18Ni9Ti进行了小孔钻削加工过程的模拟与试验研究;对切削加工有限元模拟中的关键技术,如材料模型、工件与切屑的分离、断裂准则以及动态网格自适应技术等进行了探讨,动态模拟了麻花钻钻孔中切屑的成形过程,其中工件采用刚塑性材料模型,刀具采用考虑了温度变化的刚性材料模型.仿真结果与试验数据吻合,表明所建立的有限元模型是正确的,可用来对钻削力、扭矩及钻削温度随进给量的变化进行有效的预测.     

Effects of cavity-dispersion noncoaxiality on the generation of ultrabroadband femtosecond pulses

The effects of cavity-dispersion noncoaxiality （CDN） on the generation of ultrabroadband femtosecond pulses in KLM Ti：sapphire laser were investigated theoretically and experimentally. It was predicted that when the laser sub-cavity works near the coaxial operation point, the limitation of CDN on the bandwidth broadening is minimum, which is favorable for ultrabroadband pulse generation. On the basis of this prediction, femtosecond pulses with bandwidth of 650 to 1000 nm were directly generated from a home built KLM Ti：sapphire laser. To our knowledge, they are the broadest bandwidth pulses produced from KLM Ti：sapphire laser with similar oscillator configuration and gain crystal length of 3 mm.     

纯水相SEC法分离水溶性小金纳米簇的研究

以纯水为流动相,用PL aquagel-OH 40色谱柱与自动馏分收集器,在Agilent 1100高效液相色谱仪上,对巯基丁二酸(MSA)单层包裹的粒径约1-5 nm的水溶性小金纳米簇进行尺寸排阻色谱(SEC)分离,环境友好,操作简便,重现性好.TEM表征和粒径统计分析表明:在不同洗脱时间收集的金纳米簇馏分与相应的原始样品相比其粒径分布均得到改善,尺寸分布明显窄化.金纳米簇在所用色谱柱上的分离主要按尺寸排阻机制进行.     

近代留学生与公共文化空间的构建

近代留学生群体发展的过程,亦是公共文化空间构建的过程。具有双重文化性的近代留学生群体在国内外创建学会（社）、创办报刊,并通过它们传播文化、争论问题、互动交流、展示自我,于是公共文化空间逐渐形成。近代中国的公共文化空间与西方社会所谓的＂公共领域＂不同,前者是产生中国式＂公共领域＂的土壤,其功能的具体表现既有文学式的优雅,亦有政论式的急峻。     

青海大学人文选修课程实践教学资源开发的探索——以中文类课程为例

青海大学人文选修课在清华大学对口支援下得到长足发展.本文探索人文选修课的实践教学如何在目前青海大学的环境资源优势中展开.提出要构建学生自主学习、形式多样的实践教学体系,必然要重视开拓校内现有的环境资源优势,培养人文知识相对薄弱的学生良好的综合素质及能力.     

Higher-order duality for a class of nondifferentiable multiobjective programming problems involving generalized type I and related functions

This paper extends the class of generalized type I functions introduced by Aghezzaf and Hachimi(2000) to the context of higher-order case and formulate a number of higher-order duals to a non-differentiable multi-objective programming problem and establishes higher-order duality results under the higher-order generalized type I functions introduced in the present paper. A special case that appears repeatedly in the literature is that the support function is the square root of a positive semi-definite quadratic form. This and other special cases can be readily generated from these results.     

现代城市公共空间的发展趋势

城市公共空间是城市的精髓所在，一个城市最主要的特质就是通过城市公共空间来表现的。城市公共空间的发展趋势代表着城市的发展趋势，因此研究城市公共空间的发展具有重要意义。现代城市公共空间的发展趋势是与现代城市发展息息相关的，它具体表现出大众化、生态化、立体化、室内化、综合化等主要趋势。     

玻璃化转变的分子串模型中分子串弛豫动力学的计算机模拟

基于玻璃化转变的分子串模型的分子串哈密顿量(Hamiltonian),提出了模拟分子串的弛豫动力学的蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)模拟方案.模拟得出的直分子串的弛豫时间,与分子串模型的弛豫方程所预言的第一弛豫模式的弛豫时间完全一致,即理论预期和模拟结果相互印证.这不仅说明分子串模型的分子串弛豫方程至少是第一弛豫模式的理论预言的正确性,同时也说明本文所提出的模拟方法的正确性,并进一步明晰了分子串中分子的随机涨落和跃迁运动的图像,也为三态甚至是多态的分子串弛豫动力学研究,以及对进一步模拟分子串之间的复杂相互作用提供了依据与思路.