Simulated and reconstructed winter temperature in the eastern China during the last millennium

Since the 1990s, under the auspicious impetus of two international research programs, the “Past Global Changes” (PAGES) and the “Climate Variability and Pre- dictability” (CLIVAR), massive research work has been carried out on climate and environment changes over the past 2000 years[1-3]. But majority of the studies has been centered on obtaining various kinds of climatic proxy data (such as historical documents, tree rings, ice cores, lake cores) and focused on the reconstruction of…     

Preparation of composite tubular grafts for vascular repair via electrospinning

A novel type of composite vascular graft was developed via electrospinning in the present investigation.Collagen and chitosan were blended to form the inner and outer layer.Poly(1-lactide-co-caprolacto...     

A loss-of-function RNA interference screen for molecular targets in cancer

The pursuit of novel therapeutic agents in cancer relies on the identification and validation of molecular targets. Hallmarks of cancer include self-sufficiency in growth signals and evasion from apoptosis; genes that regulate these processes may be optimal for therapeutic attack. Here we describe a loss-of-function screen for genes required for the proliferation and survival of cancer cells using an RNA interference library. We used a doxycycline-inducible retroviral vector for the expression of small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to construct a library targeting 2,500 human genes. We used retroviral pools from this library to infect cell lines representing two distinct molecular subgroups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), termed activated B-cell-like DLBCL and germinal centre B-cell-like DLBCL. Each vector was engineered to contain a unique 60-base-pair 'bar code', allowing the abundance of an individual shRNA vector within a population of transduced cells to be measured using microarrays of the bar-code sequences. We observed that a subset of shRNA vectors was depleted from the transduced cells after three weeks in culture only if shRNA expression was induced. In activated B-cell-like DLBCL cells, but not germinal centre B-cell-like DLBCL cells, shRNAs targeting the NF-kappaB pathway were depleted, in keeping with the essential role of this pathway in the survival of activated B-cell-like DLBCL. This screen uncovered CARD11 as a key upstream signalling component responsible for the constitutive IkappaB kinase activity in activated B-cell-like DLBCL. The methodology that we describe can be used to establish a functional taxonomy of cancer and help reveal new classes of therapeutic targets distinct from known oncogenes.     

LANDSAT MSS数据和混浊海水的频谱分布关系的定量分析(英文)

本文首先阐述了利用LANDSAT地球资源卫星多光谱扫描数据,在ERDAS(地球资源数据分析系统)上,通过细心地选择“训炼子区”,对中国黄河口水域的泥沙分布进行了监督性分类。同时本文详尽地论述了通过合理选取初始值与边界条件,利用高斯-赛得尔迭代数学方法对黄河口上空大气层的瑞利散射效应进行了理论计算,进而对相应研究区域的MSS数据进行了大气参数校正。在现有的地面不同泥沙含量的水体反射光谱特性数据的基础上,对不同频带进行泥沙与反射光谱的回归分析,并通过F-检验得出某一频带的最佳回归方程。最后求导出黄河口水域的泥沙分布。     

Dynamic Analysis of Cable Roofs Under Transient Wind:A Comparison Between Time Domain and Frequency Domain Approaches

At present, high-speed computing capabilities and advanced nonlinear dynamic finite element procedures enable detailed dynamic analysis of cable structures. Although deterministic approaches require considerable analysis time and effort in relation to modeling, running, and data processing, they seem to be the only alternative to obtain high accuracy. Detailed dynamic analysis of cable roof networks is sophisticated and requires advanced modeling expertise. This paper presents a comparison between detailed nonlinear dynamic analysis and a simplified frequency domain approach to estimate the maximum probable response of weakly nonlinear cable roofs. The approach can be considered as alternative to detailed time-domain analysis in the preliminary design phase, or can be used to validate results obtained from more elaborated numerical models. The proposed method is illustrated with two examples of cable net roofs that were also analysed in the time domain.     

An oscillatory neural network and dynamical associative memory

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Fluid inclusions evidence for differential exhumation of ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks in the Sulu terrane

Since the discovery of coesite and diamond inclusions in eclogites from the Dabie-Sulu orogen, east-central China[1―3], this largest ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamor- phic terrane in the world has attracted extensive scientific interests. A number of hydrous minerals such as zoisite, phengite, magnesite and talc have been found in the UHP rocks, showing that fluids have played an important role in this type of extreme metamorphic evolution[4―8]. Sev-eral techniques have been applied to th…     

Experimental and numerical study on plasma nitriding of AISI P20 mold steel

In this study, plasma nitriding was used to fabricate a hard protective layer on AISI P20 steel, at three process temperatures (450°C, 500°C, and 550°C) and over a range of time periods (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 h), and at a fixed gas N₂:H₂ ratio of 75vol%:25vol%. The morphology of samples was studied using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the formed phase of each sample was determined by X-ray diffraction. The elemental depth profile was measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, wavelength dispersive spectroscopy, and glow dispersive spectroscopy. The hardness profile of the samples was identified, and the microhardness profile from the surface to the sample center was recorded. The results show that ε-nitride is the dominant species after carrying out plasma nitriding in all strategies and that the plasma nitriding process improves the hardness up to more than three times. It is found that as the time and temperature of the process increase, the hardness and hardness depth of the diffusion zone considerably increase. Furthermore, artificial neural networks were used to predict the effects of operational parameters on the mechanical properties of plastic mold steel. The plasma temperature, running time of imposition, and target distance to the sample surface were all used as network inputs; Vickers hardness measurements were given as the output of the model. The model accurately reproduced the experimental outcomes under different operational conditions; therefore, it can be used in the effective simulation of the plasma nitriding process in AISI P20 steel.     

急进与经常出入高原公路驾驶员生理特性变化试验分析

为了解急进与经常出入高原公路驾驶员生理特性变化规律,寻找提高行车安全的途径,利用生物反馈仪对急进与经常出入高原驾驶员进行实地行车试验。在理论的基础上,定量分析两类驾驶员心电、脑电、肌电指标随驾驶时间、海拔的变化规律,并且建立关系模型。分析结果表明:驾驶员心率增长率与脑电指标R会随着驾驶时间的增长、海拔的升高而逐渐增加;驾驶员肌电指标平均功率频率(MPF)会随着驾驶时间的增长、海拔的升高而逐渐减小;急进高原驾驶员的心率增长率与脑电指标R的增长速度要快于本地驾驶员,而肌电指标平均功率频率(MPF)的下降速度要快于本地驾驶员,表明高原本地驾驶员行车过程中的生理素质要优于急进高原驾驶员。