Electrical generation and absorption of phonons in carbon nanotubes

The interplay between discrete vibrational and electronic degrees of freedom directly influences the chemical and physical properties of molecular systems. This coupling is typically studied through optical methods such as fluorescence, absorption and Raman spectroscopy. Molecular electronic devices provide new opportunities for exploring vibration-electronic interactions at the single molecule level. For example, electrons injected from a scanning tunnelling microscope tip into a metal can excite vibrational excitations of a molecule situated in the gap between tip and metal. Here we show how current directly injected into a freely suspended individual single-wall carbon nanotube can be used to excite, detect and control a specific vibrational mode of the molecule. Electrons tunnelling inelastically into the nanotube cause a non-equilibrium occupation of the radial breathing mode, leading to both stimulated emission and absorption of phonons by successive electron tunnelling events. We exploit this effect to measure a phonon lifetime of the order of 10 ns, corresponding to a quality factor of well over 10,000 for this nanomechanical oscillator.     

基于时域局部线性预测的视频镜头变换检测

提出了通过时域局部线性预测，在统一框架中准确、高效地检测视频镜头的切变和叠化等镜头变换的新方法．通过理论分析和基于视频数据的线性回归，分别得到叠化预测模式和平稳镜头预测模式．通过同时比较分析两个线性预测模式的误差，在统一框架中检测切变和叠化变换．由于直接在视频流压缩域中进行分析，因此节省了视频解码的时间．采用新方法检测时仅需要对整数进行加、减、比较和移位操作，计算复杂度很低，适合在低功耗、嵌入式设备上运行．采用MPEG-7标准测试视频的实验结果显示：切变检测查全率为95．5％，查准率为93．9%；叠化变换检测查全率为82．2%，查准率为76．0％．检测一段38min的视频耗时仅3．5s．     

Pulse width effect on the dissociation probability of CH4^＋ in the intense femtosecond laser field

The electric field strength of the intense ultrashort laser pulse can reach or exceed 108 V/cm, the intensity of the Coulomb field responsible for the stability of molecules. Exposed to such intense laser fields, mole- cules become unstable, undergoing di…     

Fluctuation of Picea timberline and paleo-environment on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains during the late Holocene

The fluctuation of alpine timberline, which can serve as a good indicator for Holocene climate, is the syn-thetically effective results of many environmental fac-tors during geological and historical periods and mod-ern times. In recent years, researches …     

基于灰色系统理论的斜率关联模型的应用——求解政府支出与经济增长的相关性

政府支出是一个特定的“社会经济系统”,符合灰色系统理论的表象和特征.使用灰色系统理论中的斜率关联模型研究政府支出与经济增长相关性,具有方法论上的创新意义.通过建立关联分析模型,选取1996-2003年样本数据,运用Excel2000软件求解,得出了政府支出与经济增长显著正相关的结论.     

基于Nios红外图像实时非均匀性校正研究

针对红外成像系统在图像处理中所涉及的数据量大,实时处理难于实现的特点,运用Altera公司SOPC-Nios嵌入式软核心处理器技术,提出一种利用FPGA硬件实现红外焦平面阵列实时非均匀性两点校正的方法.该方法针对非均匀性校正关键的内部循环和耗时算法,创建Nios嵌入式处理器的定制指令,将复杂的顺序指令简化为硬件实现的单指令,用硬件实现校正算法,极大地提高了系统的处理速度和性能,有效地解决了红外成像技术中实时性难题.     

Abrupt climate change of EastAsian Monsoon at 130 kaBP inferred from a high resolu-tion stalagmite δ18O record

^230Th ages and oxygen isotope data of a stalagmite from Shanbao Cave in Hubei Province characterize the East Asian Monsoon precipitation from 133 to 127ka. The decadal-scale high-resolution δ^18O record reveals a detailed transitional process from the Penultimate Glaciation to the Last Interglaciation. As established with ^230Th dates, the age of the Termination Ⅱ is determined to be 129.5±1.0 kaBP, which supports the Northern Hemisphere insolation as the triggers for the ice-age cycles. In our δ^18O record, the glacial/interglacial fluctuation reaches about 4‰, almost the same level as in other Asian Monsoon cave stalagmite δ^18O records. The transition of the glacial/interglacial period in our record can be recognized as four stepwise stages, among which, a rapid rise of monsoon precipitation follows the stage of “Termination Ⅱ pause”. The rapid rise is synchronous with the abrupt change of global methane concentration, which reflects that an increase in both Asian Monsoon precipitation and tropical wetland plays an important role in the global climate changes.     

Nucleolar proteome dynamics

The nucleolus is a key organelle that coordinates the synthesis and assembly of ribosomal subunits and forms in the nucleus around the repeated ribosomal gene clusters. Because the production of ribosomes is a major metabolic activity, the function of the nucleolus is tightly linked to cell growth and proliferation, and recent data suggest that the nucleolus also plays an important role in cell-cycle regulation, senescence and stress responses. Here, using mass-spectrometry-based organellar proteomics and stable isotope labelling, we perform a quantitative analysis of the proteome of human nucleoli. In vivo fluorescent imaging techniques are directly compared to endogenous protein changes measured by proteomics. We characterize the flux of 489 endogenous nucleolar proteins in response to three different metabolic inhibitors that each affect nucleolar morphology. Proteins that are stably associated, such as RNA polymerase I subunits and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle complexes, exit from or accumulate in the nucleolus with similar kinetics, whereas protein components of the large and small ribosomal subunits leave the nucleolus with markedly different kinetics. The data establish a quantitative proteomic approach for the temporal characterization of protein flux through cellular organelles and demonstrate that the nucleolar proteome changes significantly over time in response to changes in cellular growth conditions.     

Chromosome-wide and promoter-specific analyses identify sites of differential DNA methylation in normal and transformed human cells

Cytosine methylation is required for mammalian development and is often perturbed in human cancer. To determine how this epigenetic modification is distributed in the genomes of primary and transformed cells, we used an immunocapturing approach followed by DNA microarray analysis to generate methylation profiles of all human chromosomes at 80-kb resolution and for a large set of CpG islands. In primary cells we identified broad genomic regions of differential methylation with higher levels in gene-rich neighborhoods. Female and male cells had indistinguishable profiles for autosomes but differences on the X chromosome. The inactive X chromosome (Xi) was hypermethylated at only a subset of gene-rich regions and, unexpectedly, overall hypomethylated relative to its active counterpart. The chromosomal methylation profile of transformed cells was similar to that of primary cells. Nevertheless, we detected large genomic segments with hypomethylation in the transformed cell residing in gene-poor areas. Furthermore, analysis of 6,000 CpG islands showed that only a small set of promoters was methylated differentially, suggesting that aberrant methylation of CpG island promoters in malignancy might be less frequent than previously hypothesized.