半导体和半导体器件中的击穿现象

碰撞离化、雪崩和击穿效应是许多重要的半导体器件的基础。如雪崩光二极管、雪崩晶体管、抑制器、锐化二极管（击穿被延迟的二极管）、Impact和俘获等离子雪崩触发渡越二极管等。为了获得最快的速度和最大的功率，许多半导体器件必须在击穿或十分接近击穿的条件下工作。     

The DNA concentration effect on DNA radiation damage induced by <Superscript>7</Superscript>Li ions and γ rays

To evaluate the influence of the DNA concentration in the aqueous solution on DNA radiation damage, the plasmid DNA in the presence or absence of Mannitol （scavenger of free radical OH.） was irradiated by ^7Li ions and γ rays at various DNA concentrations. Gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the DNA damage of single and double strand breaks induced by irradiation became more severe at lower DNA concentration. In the condition of γ-ray irradiation, most of double strand breaks （DSB） damage was neutralized and less associated with DNA concentration in the presence of mannitol. However, under ^7Li irradiation, DSB damage could not be cleared by mannitol but was gradually aggravated with decreasing DNA concentrations. These findings imply that under low-LET irradiation, most of the DSB damage is generated by free radical OH·diffusion, and thus may be counteracted by scavengers, while at higher-LET irradiation, quite a fraction of DSB induction is caused by direct ionizing energy deposition of heavy ions, which cannot be eliminated. This work also indicates that the proportion between free radical damage and direct ionizing damage is s constant which is independent of DNA concentration when the DNA concentration is under a certain value （50ng/μL）. Our study sheds light on the un- derlying mechanisms in the DNA radiation damage process.     

Hormonal induction of steroid sulphatase in the mouse

By comparing steroid sulphatase levels per se, and also ratios to alpha-galactosidase, in 6 sets of mice - normal females, entire and castrated males both with and without exogenous testosterone administration - we obtained support for the contention that induction of this enzyme is in part controlled by male hormones.     

政治和谐需要科学的制度安排

依靠三种力量对人的行为进行约束:习惯、道德和制度,其中制度的力量最强。科学的制度需要以公平正义作为依归,以有利于市场交易的发生、个人产权保护和有效的契约执行架构为条件。中国目前的制度设计须要从三个方面去努力,一是政治资源的配置要合理,二是制度本身要科学,三是走法治之路。     

Application of Ultrasonic Technology in Detecting of Sludge Level

The basic principle and the method of detecting the sludge level have been presented,and the merits and demerits of different methods have been compared. The method of detecting by ultrasonic has been put forward based on characteristic and the need of measuring of sludge level.     

Investigation on Bending and Creasing of Woven Fabrics under Low Curvature

Under the assumption of semi - circular form for a fabric bend, creasing of fabric strips and compression of fabric loops are analyzed by neglecting the structural complexity of the fabric. The relationship between the creasing force and deformation are deduced using an energy method and solutions are given for a linearly elastic material with constant internal frictional constraint. The agreements between the theoretical predictions and experimental results are very satisfactory.     

Blind source separation of ship-radiated noise based on generalized Gaussian model

1 .INTRODUCTIONBlind source separation (BSS) in signal processinghas received considerable attention from many re-searchers .It is a fundamental problem in signalprocessing with a large number of extremely di-verse applications such as multi-user communica-tions ,speech signal processing, array processingand medical signal processing including ECG,MEGand EEG. The general goal of blind sourceseparation (BSS) is to separate the statistically in-dependent , unknown source signals from t…     

汽车实车碰撞过程人体的响应

为了研究汽车碰撞过程人体的响应 ,本文以国内某厂生产的旅行车作为研究对象 ,采用多刚体动力学模拟了该车正面碰撞刚体墙的过程 ,并且与该车所做的实车正碰结果进行了比较分析 ,验证了模拟计算的正确性。同时分析了安全带在实车正碰过程中对人体的保护作用     

A threshold stochastic volatility model

This article introduces a new model to capture simultaneously the mean and variance asymmetries in time series. Threshold non‐linearity is incorporated into the mean and variance specifications of a stochastic volatility model. Bayesian methods are adopted for parameter estimation. Forecasts of volatility and Value‐at‐Risk can also be obtained by sampling from suitable predictive distributions. Simulations demonstrate that the apparent variance asymmetry documented in the literature can be due to the neglect of mean asymmetry. Strong evidence of the mean and variance asymmetries was detected in US and Hong Kong data. Asymmetry in the variance persistence was also discovered in the Hong Kong stock market. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.