我国乡村旅游研究进展

随着我国乡村旅游的快速发展，乡村旅游研究也受到愈来愈多的关注。本文从乡村旅游概念、乡村旅游资源研究、乡村旅游与农业发展关系及乡村旅游发展策略四个角度对近几年我国乡村旅游研究脉络进行梳理，以期反应这一领域研究进展及未来研究方向。     

我国“211工程”大学图书馆创新管理理念探讨

根据“211工程”大学建设目标,采用考察法、文献资料法、专家访谈法等,对多所大学图书馆进行了实地考察,探讨了“211工程”大学图书馆在运营过程中可借鉴的质量管理、资源管理、采集管理、馆员管理、本位管理等5项管理方式,并对国外图书馆管理方法和理念进行了研究,指出“211工程”大学图书馆应引入ISO质量管理体系,转换管理理念,建设优质服务平台,创建全国一流图书馆.     

土壤水力侵蚀能量力学机理的理论分析

根据力学和物质与能量原理，对土壤水力侵蚀这一自然地理现象从哲学的高度进行分析，认为水动力作用是土壤水力侵蚀的根本原因；物质与能量守恒是土壤水力侵蚀的基本法则；侵蚀与沉积并存是土壤水力侵蚀的普遍规律。提出基于能量力学机理的3个土壤水力侵蚀的新理论，即侵蚀平衡理论、最大梯度理论和水流侵蚀力理论。指出按这种思想建立的数学模型能揭示土壤水力侵蚀的规律，因而具有重要的理论和应用价值。     

低温盐浴渗氮对Custom 465钢耐蚀及耐磨性的影响

为了提高Custom 465马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢的耐磨性,分别在440、480和520℃对580℃时效后的样品进行了2 h的盐浴渗氮,使用显微硬度计、X射线衍射仪、电化学工作站、球盘式摩擦磨损仪、表面轮廓仪、扫描电镜等设备,研究渗氮温度对Custom 465钢表面物相、硬度、渗层显微形貌、耐蚀性及耐磨性的影响. 随着渗氮温度升高,耐蚀性逐渐降低,但表面硬度增加,520℃处理后表面硬度增大到1240 HV,较未处理试样的400 HV明显上升,渗层厚度达到22μm. 440℃渗氮后表面物相为氮在马氏体基体中过饱和的α'N ,点蚀电位降低约60 mV;480℃时有少量CrN相析出,引起点蚀电位降低约180 mV,同时磨损体积下降约43%;520℃时CrN相的含量明显升高,自腐蚀电位降低约70 mV,无明显的稳态钝化区,磨损体积降低82%,减磨效果明显.     

渝东北地区龙马溪组页岩储层微观孔隙结构特征

为了系统描述渝东北地区下志留统龙马溪组海相页岩的微观孔隙结构,应用氩离子抛光聚焦离子束扫描电镜(FIB-SEM)、低温N2吸附及高压压汞实验定性和定量测试WX-1井岩心样品的孔喉形态、连通性、比表面积及孔径分布.通过对比分析不同实验测试的孔径分布,实现对页岩样品从微孔到宏孔的精细描述,并探讨了影响孔隙发育的控制因素.研究结果表明,龙马溪组页岩储层主要发育有机质孔、黏土矿物层间孔、黄铁矿晶间孔、颗粒边缘溶蚀孔及微裂缝等5种孔隙类型.受到后期压实作用的影响,有机质孔隙发育具有微观非均质性.纳米孔隙类型复杂、形态多样,主要为开放透气性孔,但存在细颈状墨水瓶孔及少量一端封闭的不透气性孔等影响页岩气的渗流;孔径分布具有“双峰”特点,纳米孔主要孔径为2～10 nm、30～90 nm,即直径＜100 nm的孔隙提供了大部分总孔体积,为页岩储层主要发育的孔隙类型.孔隙发育受多种因素的控制,直径≤50 nm微孔、中孔的发育与有机质有关,有机碳含量与微孔、中孔的孔体积呈正相关性;直径＞50 nm宏孔的发育与黏土矿物含量有关,随着黏土矿物含量的增加,宏孔的体积、比表面积也随之增大.     

Small molecule activators of SIRT1 as therapeutics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Calorie restriction extends lifespan and produces a metabolic profile desirable for treating diseases of ageing such as type 2 diabetes. SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, is a principal modulator of pathways downstream of calorie restriction that produce beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic SIRT1 activator, mimics the anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction in lower organisms and in mice fed a high-fat diet ameliorates insulin resistance, increases mitochondrial content, and prolongs survival. Here we describe the identification and characterization of small molecule activators of SIRT1 that are structurally unrelated to, and 1,000-fold more potent than, resveratrol. These compounds bind to the SIRT1 enzyme-peptide substrate complex at an allosteric site amino-terminal to the catalytic domain and lower the Michaelis constant for acetylated substrates. In diet-induced obese and genetically obese mice, these compounds improve insulin sensitivity, lower plasma glucose, and increase mitochondrial capacity. In Zucker fa/fa rats, hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies demonstrate that SIRT1 activators improve whole-body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver. Thus, SIRT1 activation is a promising new therapeutic approach for treating diseases of ageing such as type 2 diabetes.     

PTC124 targets genetic disorders caused by nonsense mutations

Nonsense mutations promote premature translational termination and cause anywhere from 5-70% of the individual cases of most inherited diseases. Studies on nonsense-mediated cystic fibrosis have indicated that boosting specific protein synthesis from <1% to as little as 5% of normal levels may greatly reduce the severity or eliminate the principal manifestations of disease. To address the need for a drug capable of suppressing premature termination, we identified PTC124-a new chemical entity that selectively induces ribosomal readthrough of premature but not normal termination codons. PTC124 activity, optimized using nonsense-containing reporters, promoted dystrophin production in primary muscle cells from humans and mdx mice expressing dystrophin nonsense alleles, and rescued striated muscle function in mdx mice within 2-8 weeks of drug exposure. PTC124 was well tolerated in animals at plasma exposures substantially in excess of those required for nonsense suppression. The selectivity of PTC124 for premature termination codons, its well characterized activity profile, oral bioavailability and pharmacological properties indicate that this drug may have broad clinical potential for the treatment of a large group of genetic disorders with limited or no therapeutic options.     

回归模型的相关性检验

基于经验似然的方法构造了检验统计量,对非参数回归模型中的误差进行了相关性假设检验,获得了零假设下检验统计量的渐近分布为χ2分布.模拟计算表明相关性假设检验的经验似然方法具有较好的功效.     

π0与N- (N-)重整化链传播子的"精确"收敛公式与辐射修正

采用中性介子π0与核子(N-)反核子-N强相互作用Lorentz不变耦合模型,对π0与N- (N-)两类重整化链图传播子函数级数收敛性问题作了全面考察与深入研究,并利用链图传播子函数的精确理论计算结果,通过相关理论分析、推导后获得重整化链图传播子函数级数"精确"收敛公式;在此基础上又对两类重整化链图传播子"辐射修正"问题作了理论计算与分析.     

水钢高炉最佳炉料结构的试验

采用正交试验方法研究了现有原燃料及设备条件下水钢高炉的最佳炉料结构;在此基础上进一步优化炉料结构,并对它们的冶金性能进行了试验.结果表明:目前水钢高炉最佳炉料结构为86%的烧结矿(二元碱度为1.8)配加14%的印度块矿与越南块矿的混合矿(混合比例为1:1);此种炉料结构的软熔性能好,还原性能达到优良水平,炉渣碱度合适,但低温还原粉化性能不佳;若采用二元碱度为1.7的烧结矿,使炉渣的碱度低于1.2,则熟料率达到90%的炉料结构是完全可行的.