蛋白质凝聚结晶和致病的动力学机制

这本书涉及了蛋白质在溶液中的相转变、自组装和聚集行为等问题。其主要目的是向跨学科的读者介绍这一领域的研究现状。书中主要讨论了蛋白质优质结晶的问题，指出其瓶颈在于晶体的成核。由于蛋白质的结构决定了它的功能，因此非常有必要培养出优质的晶体来确定其结构，其中遇到的主要挑战是确定具备最佳成核条件的溶液初始状态。     

花的颜色操作：花的整容术

花不仅是植物的冠冕,而且是生殖器官。有色花瓣和雄蕊对传粉者有非同寻常的吸引力,因而对复制成功极端重要。产生花的颜色的指令被编在DNA上。目前,有可能为植物提供若干新基因或剪切现有基因,遗传学家正在以新的热忱看待花的颜色操作术。     

衰竭性运动后的最大通气量

在剧烈运动中,通气肌是否出现疲劳和机能能力下降,这是有争论的。Fregosi 等报道过在衰竭性赛跑运动中,鼠的膈肌中乳酸急剧增加。Bye 等也指出在进行高强度短时间的运动之后,膈肌的最大跨壁压力降低。是这些变化还是其它的变化致使剧烈运动中和运动后最大通气能力减弱,目前尚未清楚。在本研究中,我们企图通过测定在跑台上进行持续时间为3—10分钟或60分钟的衰竭性运动的最后几分钟和运动后的60秒随意最大通气量,来探查这     

Self-assembling Characteristics of Amphiphilic Star Block Copolymers with a Polyelectrolyte Shell

1 Results Amphiphilic block copolymers are capable of forming supramolecular assemblies resembling those observed in nature,such as spherical micelles,worm micelles,and vesicles.Changing the solvent composition,ionic strength or pH of the polymer solution may induce the self-assembly of block copolymers or trigger the transition between the geometries of noncovalent assemblies.In the current work,we have synthesised starlike amphiphilic block copolymers having hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate),PMMA,core,and hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid),PAA,shell.The self-assembling characteristics of these polymers have been investigated in aqueous solutions by light scattering and direct visualisation by cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM)[1]. Computer simulations along with the theoretical predictions made for the star-like system based on mean-field theory have been used to support the experimental observations[2]. The association of the starlike macromolecules resembles that of charged biopolymers,such as actin,since a balance between attractive and repulsive forces is required for the formation of cylindrical assemblies and can be manipulated by changing the pH or the ionic strength of the solvent[3].     

光谱仪设计基础

近年来光谱学领域发生了很大变化。经典的光谱仪已变得陈旧，而装配了CCD检测器的摄谱仪具有更好的性能。虽然基本光学原理没有改变，但是在很多情况下对光谱仪的设计提出了更多要求，与经典光谱仪很不同。计算机光线跟踪技术以及计算机辅助设计技术的发展能很好地应对这些变化，并已制造出新一代的光谱仪。     

The dead-end elimination theorem and its use in protein side-chain positioning

The prediction of a protein's tertiary structure is still a considerable problem because the huge amount of possible conformational space1 makes it computationally difficult. With regard to side-chain modelling, a solution has been attempted by the grouping of side-chain conformations into representative sets of rotamers2??. Nonetheless, an exhaustive combinatorial search is still limited to carefully indentified packing units?? containing a limited number of residues. For larger systems other strategies had to be developed, such as the Monte Carlo Procedure?? and the genetic algorithm and clustering approach?. Here we present a theorem, referred to as the 'dead-end elimination' theorem, which imposes a suitable condition to identify rotamers that cannot be members of the global minimum energy conformation. Application of this theorem effectively controls the computational explosion of the rotamer combinatorial problem, thereby allowing the determination of the global minimum energy conformation of a large collection of side chains.