今年的“厄尔尼诺”有可能成为世纪之最

近6个月来,太平洋的热带水域一直在扩散,从国际日期变更线蔓延到了南美洲沿海。气象学家对此一直非常关注,密切跟踪着它的变化,因为这就是能够在大气和海洋中翻云覆雨的"厄尔尼诺"现象。而且,有迹象表明,眼下的"厄尔尼诺"现象正在积蓄力量,有可能在未来的几个月内给世界天气带来巨大的变化。热带风暴频频造访墨西哥、智利和秘鲁,使之大雨不断,澳大利亚和印度尼西亚干旱少雨......科学家认为,种种迹象表明,强大的"厄尔尼诺"已经左右了世界天气。本年度的"厄尔尼诺"很可能使本世纪所有的"厄尔尼诺"相形见细。它对热带洋面的影响范…     

Pulsating aurora induced by upper atmospheric barium releases

An effect which appeared to be pulsating aurora was observed to be associated with explosive releases of barium vapour near 250 km altitude, but only when the explosions were in the path of precipitating electrons associated with the visible aurora.     

Seed germination in response to diurnal fluctuations of temperature

Diurnal fluctuations in temperature may initiate or accelerate germination in certain flowering plants, and the effectiveness of the stimulus varies according to the amplitude of fluctuation and the presence or absence of light. Attempts to assess the adaptive significance of the phenomenon, however, have been limited by the scarcity of data for species of contrasted ecology. We report here an investigation of germination responses to fluctuating temperatures, conducted on seeds of herbaceous species collected from native populations near Sheffield. The results suggest that requirements for diurnal fluctuations in temperature are characteristic of the germination of species from particular types of habitat and provide mechanisms which cause seeds to germinate at times and in places favourable for seedling establishment.     

环路热管启动特性的实验研究

通过大量的实验研究了蒸发器内气液分布、反重力工作高度、启动热载荷的大小、热沉温度等因素对启动的影响, 描述并分析了4种不同蒸发器内气液分布情况下的启动现象, 给出了系统温度变化曲线图, 分析了启动的难易程度. 根据实验数据得出结论: (ⅰ) 对于液体干道内充满液体的启动情况, 储液器温度上升的主要原因并不是漏热, 而是回路压力升高所致. (ⅱ) 热载荷大有利于启动. (ⅲ) 未完全绝热时小热载荷下热沉温度不影响启动. (ⅳ) 环路热管在反重力情况下启动时, 当蒸汽槽道存在蒸汽时, 所需启动时间、启动温升增大; 而蒸汽槽道充满液体时, 所需时间、过热度和启动温升都减少. 实验还观察到了反重力启动时呈现两种启动方式的特别现象.