Deep levels,transport and THz emission properties of SiGe/Si quantum-well structures

In coal mines in such countries as China and Russia,most of the coal mine methane(CMM) generated during mining is emitted to the atmosphere without any effective usage,because the methane concentration of CMM is relatively low and not allowed to be used as fuel for safety reasons.Methane is one of the greenhouse gases.Therefore,if it becomes possible to concentrate CMM to an acceptable level for use as fuel,this will greatly contribute to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.With the aim of gaining approva...     

在鹰嘴豆的果实组织中光合~(14)CO_2固定产物与有关酶的活性

尽管许多豆科植物,包括鹰嘴豆的果实组织进行光合CO_2的同化是众所周知的,但是,对于在这些组织中CO_2固定的途径,特别是对磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(EC4、1、1、31)的作用还不够清楚。我们己从鹰嘴豆(Cicer arictinum L)的荚果壳、种皮(果实组织)及其苞叶中测定到一些卡尔文循珠和C_4代谢的主要酶的活性,光照和黑暗中~(14)CO_2固定速率和光合CO_2固定的最初产物。对1,5——二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(EC4、1、1、39)和其它卡尔文循环的酶,即NADP~+——甘油醛—3—磷酸脱氢酶(EC1、2、1、13),NAD~+——甘油醛—3—磷酸脱氢酶(EC1、2、1、12)和5——磷酸核酮糖激酶(EC2、7、1、19)的活性和磷酸烯醇式丙酮羧化酶以及其他C_4代谢的酶,也就是说,对NADP~+—苹果酸脱氢酶(EC_1、1、1、82)、NAD~+—苹果酸脱氢酶(EC1、1、1、37)NADP~+—苹果酸酶(EC1、1、1、40)、NAD~+—苹果酸酶(EC1、1、1、39)、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(EC2、6、1、2)和谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(EC2、6、1、2)的活性进行了比较。一般说来,磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶和其他C_4代谢的酶,在荚果壳和种皮中的含量比在叶片中的含量为高。荚果壳和种皮在光照和黑暗中~(14)CO_2固定的速率高于叶子。说明在果实组织短期的~(140CO_2同化,象主要标记产物一样产生苹果酸,标记的3—磷酸甘油酸却较少,而在叶片中主要产物合成为3—磷酸甘油酸。显然,鹰嘴豆在果实组织中是利用磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶再固定呼吸放出的CO_2。     

Endocytosis-mediated downregulation of LIN-12/Notch upon Ras activation in Caenorhabditis elegans

The coordination of signals from different pathways is important for cell fate specification during animal development. Here, we define a novel mode of crosstalk between the epidermal growth factor receptor/Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and the LIN-12/Notch pathway during Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development. Six vulval precursor cells (VPCs) are initially equivalent but adopt different fates as a result of an inductive signal mediated by the Ras pathway and a lateral signal mediated by the LIN-12/Notch pathway. One consequence of activating Ras is a reduction of LIN-12 protein in P6.p (ref. 2), the VPC believed to be the source of the lateral signal. Here we identify a 'downregulation targeting signal' (DTS) in the LIN-12 intracellular domain, which encompasses a di-leucine-containing endocytic sorting motif. The DTS seems to be required for internalization of LIN-12, and on Ras activation it might mediate altered endocytic routing of LIN-12, leading to downregulation. We also show that if LIN-12 is stabilized in P6.p, lateral signalling is compromised, indicating that LIN-12 downregulation is important in the appropriate specification of cell fates in vivo.     

Navigating the signalling network in mouse cardiac myocytes

Cardiac myocytes have a complex network of signals that regulates their essential role in the rhythmic pumping of the heart. This network is an appealing model system in which to study the basic principles underlying cellular signalling mechanisms. Progress in this effort has come through the establishment of standardized myocyte isolation and culture procedures and characterization of important signalling responses.     

The genome sequence and structure of rice chromosome 1

The rice species Oryza sativa is considered to be a model plant because of its small genome size, extensive genetic map, relative ease of transformation and synteny with other cereal crops. Here we report the essentially complete sequence of chromosome 1, the longest chromosome in the rice genome. We summarize characteristics of the chromosome structure and the biological insight gained from the sequence. The analysis of 43.3 megabases (Mb) of non-overlapping sequence reveals 6,756 protein coding genes, of which 3,161 show homology to proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana, another model plant. About 30% (2,073) of the genes have been functionally categorized. Rice chromosome 1 is (G + C)-rich, especially in its coding regions, and is characterized by several gene families that are dispersed or arranged in tandem repeats. Comparison with a draft sequence indicates the importance of a high-quality finished sequence.     

麦根蛋白质的酶水解物

0 前言 麦根是麦芽工业重要的副产物;麦根的成分和利用在几篇综述文章中已作了介绍。由于麦根含蛋白质21～25％和淀粉价(46％)高,人们对它用作饲料的问题一直感兴趣,然而,麦根受到被霉菌毒素污染的限制,所以只能用作饲料添加剂,而未能作为主要饲料。麦根及其浸出物已广泛用作微生物培养基的营养成分或特殊生长因子,还用来生产抗生素、果胶酶淀粉酶、L-赖氨酸、柠檬酸、丙酮和丁醇以及培养酵母和霉菌。一种麦根的油提取物已成功地添加到雪花膏化妆品中,具有治疗粉刺的生物活性。麦根的营养价值比酪氨酸低些,麦根用作食品添加