词汇中的文化蕴含

运用文化语言学的理论,从汉语词汇的意义、结构和交际三个方面进行论证,提出词汇与文化具有“融合关系”、“渗透关系”和“制约关系”。这些关系说明文化对词汇的理解、运用和规范有着很大的影响,重视文化因素对全面灵活地理解词汇的意义、深入细致地了解词汇的结构、准确扎实地掌握词汇的运用技巧大有裨益。每一语言系统中有相当一部分词汇的内涵是以民族文化为依托,文化是这些词义产生、发展、衍变的关键。在汉语词汇系统中,表义的结构形式反映了汉民族的思维方式、特点,是它们形成了汉语词汇的构成规则。传统的伦理等级观念、约定俗成的民族表达习惯附加给词汇各种文化色彩的语用意义,这些多维的复合性文化使开放的词汇系统变得有序可循。     

新型钢管砼框架节点试验研究及其应用

给出了钢管混凝土框架节点的试验结果,并采用有限元法对新型节点模式进行了应力场分析。介绍了该新型节点的设计方案及在实际工程中的应用。     

集成化企业网络需求分析信息量化模型

集成化企业网络需求分析信息量化模型冯径沈苏彬顾冠群（东南大学计算机科学与工程系,南京２１００９６）集成化企业网络是ＣＩＭＳ网络的典型网络,包括设计制造、控制和管理等各方面的网络集成［１,２］．网络需求分析是网络设计的第一步［３］,它不仅是整个网络设...     

遗传算法对模糊控制的优化及其应用

为了使模糊控制器具有自学习能力,本文将遗传算法与模糊控制相结合,提出了使用遗传算法对模糊子集进行划分的优化方法,并根据模糊控制的特点,给出了改进的编码方法和交叉算子,加快了算法的收敛速度．应用该方法对锅炉过热汽温进行了仿真研究,结果表明本文提出的基于遗传算法的模糊控制优化方法是很有效的．     

The v-v energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited states (I)

The relaxation of the highly vibrationally excited CO (v = 1–8) by CO₂ is studied by timeresolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy (TR FTIR). 193 nm laser photolysis of the mixture of CHBr₃ with O₂ generates the highly vibrationally excited CO(v) molecules. TR FTIR records the intense infrared emission of CO(v→v-1). The vibrational populations of each level of CO(v) have been determined by the method of spectral simulation. Based on the evolution of the time resolved populations and the differential method, 8 energy transfer rate constants of CO(v = 1–8) to CO₂ molecules areobtained: (5.7±0.1), (5.9±0.1), (5.2±0.2), (3.4±0.2), (2.4±0.3), (2.2±0.4), (2.0±0.4) and (1.8±0.6) (10¹⁴ cm³ · molecule⁻¹ · s⁻¹), respectively. A two-channel energy transfer model can explain the feature of the quenching of CO(v) by CO². For the lower vibrational states of CO, the vibrational energy transfers preferentially to the u³ mode of CO² For the higher levels, the major quenching channel changes to the vibrational energy exchange between CO(v→v-1) and the u¹ mode of CO².     

Structural and expressional analysis of a cDNA that expresses predominantly in rice stamens

The development of stamen is an important stage during the sexual reproduction in higher plants. Studying the genes that predominantly or even specifically expressed in stamens will aid in undestanding the molecular mechanism of stamen development. The structure of a rice CHS-like gene (D5) which predominantly expressed in anthers has been analysised, showing high structural similarity with two other anther-specific genes (A1 and BA42) fromBrassica napus. Northern analysis also reveals that the three genes share a similar expression pattern and that the expression of D5 may relate to the early development of pollens. It is concluded that D5, A1 and BA42 represent a group of diverged CHS-like genes which are related to stamen development.     

The v-v energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited states (II)

The vibrational energy transfer from highly vibrationally excited CO to H₂O molecules is studied by time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy (TR FTIR). Following the 193 nm laser photolysis of CHBr₃ and O₂ the secondary reactions generate CO(v). The infrared emission of CO(v → v−1) is detected by TR FTIR. The excitation of H₂O molecules is not observed. By the method of the spectral simulation and the differential technique, 8 rate constants for CO(v)/H₂O system are obtained: (1.7 ±0.1), (3.4 ±0.2), (6.2 ±0.4), (8.0 ±1.0), (9.0 ±2.0), (12 ±3), (16 ±4) and (18 ±7) (10¹³cm³ · molecule^-1· s^-1). At least two reasons lead to the efficient energy transfer. One is the contributions of the rotational energy to the vibational energy defect and the other is the result of the complex collision. With the SSH andab initio calculations, the quenching mechanism of CO(v) by H₂O is suggested.     

Cloning, construction of prokaryotic expression vector and expression ofEscherichia coli cytosine deaminase gene

Cytosine deaminase gene ofEscherichia coli strain H-30 was cloned, and its initiation codon of ‘GTG’ was mutated to ‘ATG’ by PCR. Prokaryotic recombinant expression vector pBV220-CD was constructed. Clone with high enzyme activity were selected by detecting their specific activity of cytosine deaminase. 5-FC(5-FC, 5-fluorocytosine) could induce the lethal toxicity to cells containing active CD gene. DNA sequence analysis indicated that there were 16 altered bases and 5 of them resulted in the alteration of amino acids in predicted peptide by comparing DNA sequence of the clone H-30-CD-11 with high enzyme activity with CD gene reported in Gene Bank.