Phylogenetic position of Schnabelia, a genus endemic to China： Evidence from sequences of cpDNA matK gene and nrDNA ITS regions

The chloroplast gene matK and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA from Schnabelia, a genus endemic to China, and 6 genera of Verbenaceae and 13 genera of Lamiaceae were sequenced. The phylogenetic signal and validity outgroups were measured and evaluated by means of the relatively apparent synapomorphy analysis (RASA). Independent and combined phylogenetic analyses for the matK and ITS sequences were performed using the maximum parsimony (MP), neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods, indicating that Schnabelia oligophylla and Caryopteris terniflora form a sister-group relationship. The Caryopteris complex is not shown to be a monophyly because Trichostema, C. paniculata and C. forrestii are paraphyletic to the clade containing the remaining members of the complex. A monophyly of Ajugoideae proposed by Cantino et al., including 8 genera in this study, is strongly supported and the closest relatives of Schnabelia are in the Ajugoideae (Lamiaceae), especially near Caryopteris terniflora. The polygenetic analyses also showed that the genera of Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae sampled in this tudy are phylogenetically mixed and the genus Avicennia is distant to other genera of Verbenaceae. RASA and combined analysis can be used as effective approaches to determining the relationships among phylogenetically complex groups.     

等精度测频仪的低成本微控制器实现

在叙述等精度测频原理及误差分析的基础上,阐述低成本微控制器(MCU)的硬件设计和软件设计,用低成本MCU实现的等精度测频仪的精度高,成本低,可靠性高,使用方便,具有实用价值和生产意义.     

青岛民间故事中的女性形象探析

青岛民间故事中的女性形象瑰丽多姿,内涵丰富。龙女、狐女、恶嫂女、巧女、圣母女、花仙女这几类女性形象的出现频率是最高的。她们蕴含了青岛地区独特的文化内涵。     

苯胺与聚硫橡胶原位电化学复合的性质

讨论了苯胺与聚硫橡胶电聚合时的相互作用，结果表明，聚苯胺与聚硫橡胶之间具有互相催化作用，且随着复合膜厚度的增加催化活性增高；同时还可提高聚硫橡胶电氧化还原的可逆性     

校园网络建设之我见

党和政府十分重视我国信息化的建设，信息化程度的高低是衡量一个国家综合国力的重要组成部分。校园网络是高等学校现代化建设的基础设施，是是否具备现代化办学条件的标志之一。结合实际地建设好校园网，进行广泛的信息交流和共享，才能走出困境，才能适应时代发展的需要。     

网架结构的优化设计及极限分析

本文编制了网架结构优化设计和极限分析的计算程序．并对网架结构进行了分析。通过实例．将结构的优化设计和极限分析有机地结合起来，从而提高了网架结构的极限承载能力。     

稚鳖腹面颜色的差异与鳖种鉴别关系探讨

通过对我国现有不同鳖种的稚鳖的研究发现：不同种的稚鳖腹部表皮颜色（色斑）均有明显差异，同种稚鳖的颜色基本一致，并在一定时期内不因环境变化而改变颜色，同时发现人工养殖中华鳖种源混杂而导致人工繁殖的稚鳖腹面颜色（色斑）分化，对称状黑斑出现的比例与混杂程度有关。腹面有无对称状黑色斑点的两种类型稚鳖经生化测定和对比养殖均存在差异。说明稚鳖腹面颜色特征可作鳖种鉴别的外观依据，还可作为鳖种资源提纯复壮的指标。     

Control of cell growth: Rag GTPases in activation of TORC1

The target of rapamycin (TOR) is a central regulator controlling cell growth. TOR is highly conserved from yeast to mammals, and is deregulated in human cancers and diabetes. TOR complex 1 (TORC1) integrates signals from growth factors, cellular energy status, stress, and amino acids to control cell growth, mitochondrial metabolism, and lipid biosynthesis. The mechanisms of growth factors and cellular energy status in regulating TORC1 have been well established, whereas the mechanism by which amino acid induces TORC1 remains largely unknown. Recent studies revealed that Rag GTPases play a central role in the regulation of TORC1 activation in response to amino acids. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress in our understanding of Rag GTPase-regulated TORC1 activation in response to amino acids. Particular focus will be given to the function of Rag GTPases in TORC1 activation and how Rag GTPases are regulated by amino acids.     

哈尔滨市城市水资源与可持续利用

本文在分析市区水资源的基础上,着探讨了水资源开发利用存在的问题及解决途径。