表面配体辅助CsPbBr3无机钙钛矿纳米片尺寸与 光学性能调控研究

采用高温热注射法,通过改变辛酸和辛胺等短链配体与油酸和油胺等长链配体的摩尔比X,制备CsPbBr_3无机钙钛矿纳米片.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM),X线衍射仪(XRD),紫外-可见分光光度计(UV)和荧光光度计(PL)对CsPbBr_3纳米片形貌、晶相和光学性能进行表征.分析发现改变X从0.33～0.65变化时,可以有效调控CsPbBr_3纳米片的横向尺寸在290～2 840 nm之间变化.CsPbBr_3纳米片对小于510 nm的光具有较强的吸收,并且横向尺寸越大,对应的吸收峰越高,同时在520 nm处表现出较窄的荧光发射峰,半高宽为17 nm.上述结果分析表明,通过改变短链配体与长链配体的摩尔比X能有效调控纳米片的尺寸,且大尺寸的CsPbBr_3无机钙钛矿纳米片在未来的光电探测器等器件领域具有重要应用前景.     

柴油机曲轴瞬时扭矩的仿真计算与试验验证

为监测多缸柴油机不同缸内的燃烧情况和活塞连杆组质量对柴油机曲轴输出扭矩的影响,采用Matlab/Simulink建立一个基于缸内压力的多缸柴油机瞬时扭矩的动态非线性模型;并在装有自行开发的应变片式非接触扭矩传感器的6-135柴油机上建立瞬时扭矩测量台架,对仿真模型进行验证.对6-135柴油机在额定工况和一缸失火工况下的缸内压力和曲轴瞬时扭矩进行测量,并与仿真计算结果进行比较,计算结果与试验结果较为一致.     

高级脂肪酸/水杨酸修饰卟啉的合成

5-(4-氨基苯基)-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉与乙酰水杨酰氯反应,然后水解得到水杨酸修饰的卟啉,进而与高级脂肪酰氯反应,得到一种新的高级脂肪酸/水杨酸修饰的卟啉.化合物结构经1H-NMR,HR-MS,UV光谱证实.     

Asa Issie, Aramis and the origin of Australopithecus

The origin of Australopithecus, the genus widely interpreted as ancestral to Homo, is a central problem in human evolutionary studies. Australopithecus species differ markedly from extant African apes and candidate ancestral hominids such as Ardipithecus, Orrorin and Sahelanthropus. The earliest described Australopithecus species is Au. anamensis, the probable chronospecies ancestor of Au. afarensis. Here we describe newly discovered fossils from the Middle Awash study area that extend the known Au. anamensis range into northeastern Ethiopia. The new fossils are from chronometrically controlled stratigraphic sequences and date to about 4.1-4.2 million years ago. They include diagnostic craniodental remains, the largest hominid canine yet recovered, and the earliest Australopithecus femur. These new fossils are sampled from a woodland context. Temporal and anatomical intermediacy between Ar. ramidus and Au. afarensis suggest a relatively rapid shift from Ardipithecus to Australopithecus in this region of Africa, involving either replacement or accelerated phyletic evolution.     

白庙子斜发沸石的化学改性及重金属离子交换性能研究Ⅰ──化学改性与Cu~（2＋）交换性能

白庙子斜发沸石经浸煮法化学改性为钠、铵、钾、钙、镁型矿样，并在室温下与４０ｍｇ·ｄｍ－３ＣｕＣｌ２溶液进行Ｃｕ２＋静态交换和动态交换．实验结果发现，原矿化学改性时阳离子的交换度与其离子水合半径有关．各矿样的Ｃｕ２＋交换容量、交换度和离子分离因数与阳离子水合半径、离子价数有关，呈现Ｎａ型＞ＮＨ４＋型＞Ｍｇ型～Ｋ型＞Ｃａ型～Ｏｒ型的规律．其中Ｎａ型、ＮＨ４＋型改性矿样对除去水中Ｃｕ２＋最有效．     

城市给水管网可靠性分析方法

在分析管段组件可靠度的基础上,得出节点可靠度,进而由权重因子法计算得到将城市给水管网发生机械故障与水力条件变化相结合时的管网可靠度模型,通过该模型的建立总结出给水管网可靠性评估方法,最后就模型分析给出结论及建议。     

柔性梁在轴向随机激励作用下的可靠性与最优控制

考虑外界随机因素对柔性梁的影响,建立一个轴向随机激励作用下的柔性简支梁随机非线性动力学模型．应用随机平均法将Hamilton函数表示为一维扩散过程;通过分析系统奇异边界的性态,建立了可靠性函数和首次穿越时间的概率密度所满足的Backward—Kolmogorov方程,并利用随机动态规划原理导出了以最大可靠性函数为目标的随机最优控制策略结合初始条件和边界条件得到了系统可靠性的数值结果结果表明,控制力的存在可使系统可靠性得到一定的提升研究结果为实际工程中选取合适的控制力提供了理论依据．     

基于MN-MEA算法的无人机载SAR相位误差补偿处理

无人机载合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR),在成像中更容易受到运动误差的干扰,造成图像质量下降。利用三维空间坐标系的斜距方程分离,可以为无人机载SAR成像提供更多的信息,但该方法并未考虑无人机载SAR成像中的运动误差补偿问题。针对无人机载机动SAR成像的相位误差补偿问题,进行相关研究。结合子图像划分,提出了基于迭代分块处理和误差相位初值模型的改进牛顿最小熵(modified Newton minimum entropy, MN-MEA)相位误差补偿算法,进一步校正了残余空变性误差和运动误差,改善成像质量。     

土压力作用下深井式地下停车库衬砌变形分析

建设深井式地下停车库成为缓解停车难这一问题的有力措施.停车库衬砌变形过大会产生裂缝,影响车库的抗渗性能,研究衬砌的变形规律,并控制其变形具有重要意义.依据假定条件,将侧向衬砌板简化成三边固定,一边自由的矩形薄板,将地下结构空间问题转化为弹性力学平面问题,从而大大简化计算量.使用差分法和有限元法分别推导薄板在均布荷载和三角荷载作用下的位移数值解,并与文献理论解对比.结果表明,均布荷载作用时,在板中部附近隆起,而三角荷载作用时,在板自由边跨中隆起.相对于有限元解,差分解与文献理论解更为接近,表明了计算方法的可行性.利用差分法,分别计算薄板在静止土压力、主动土压力、被动土压力作用下的位移解,为工程设计提供参考.     

Development of high-strength,low-cost wrought Mg–2.0 mass% Zn alloy with high Mn content

Mg–Zn–Mn-based alloys have received considerable attention because of their high creep resistance, strength,and good corrosion resistance. The alloying element Mn in Mg–Zn-based alloys is commonly less than 1 wt%. In the present study, the effect of high Mn content(1 wt% and 2 wt%) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg–2Zn–0.3Sr extruded alloy was investigated. The results revealed that the high Mn content significantly increased the ultimate tensile strength, tensile yield strength, compress yield strength, and yield asymmetry of the alloy without affecting its ductility. The dynamically recrystallized(DRXed) grains of Mg–2Zn–0.3Sr were remarkably refined because of the large amount of fine Mn precipitates in the homogenized alloy. The improved strengths were mainly attributed to the fine DRXed grains according to the Hall–Petch effect and to the large amount of spherical and 0001 Mn precipitates through the precipitation and dispersion strengthening. The fine DRXed grains and numerous Mn precipitates effectively suppressed the extension twining, substantially enhanced the compress yield strength, and resulted in improved anisotropy.