行走机器人

本文简单地回顾了行走机器人的研究概况,较详细地描述了HILARE机器人,集中讨论了研制中的一些关键问题:环境感知、决策制定、执行控制以及HILARE计划中所试验的空间建模和路径寻找技术。最后讨论了行走机器人的发展方向及其在现实中的应用。     

矿物燃料之后的能源会怎样?--《没有天燃气的时代》作者古德斯坦访谈录

美国加利福尼亚技术学院物理系教授戴维·古德斯坦(DavidGoodstein)最近出版了他的第6本著作——《没有天燃气的时代》。他在书中指出,21世纪注定会成为文明的一个转折点:在不太遥远的将来,随着矿物燃料的逐渐耗尽,迫使人类社会去开发其他的新能源。该书对许多问题作了一个扼要的评述,并提出了一些解决办法。不久前,《美国科学家》记者戴维·施奈德(DavidSchneider)采访了古德斯坦,就书中提出的某些问题请他作进一步的阐述。     

A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

The seeding of an expanse of surface waters in the equatorial Pacific Ocean with low concentrations of dissolved iron triggered a massive phytoplankton bloom which consumed large quantities of carbon dioxide and nitrate that these microscopic plants cannot fully utilize under natural conditions. These and other observations provide unequivocal support for the hypothesis that phytoplankton growth in this oceanic region is limited by iron bioavailability.     

Pulsating aurora induced by upper atmospheric barium releases

An effect which appeared to be pulsating aurora was observed to be associated with explosive releases of barium vapour near 250 km altitude, but only when the explosions were in the path of precipitating electrons associated with the visible aurora.     

Seed germination in response to diurnal fluctuations of temperature

Diurnal fluctuations in temperature may initiate or accelerate germination in certain flowering plants, and the effectiveness of the stimulus varies according to the amplitude of fluctuation and the presence or absence of light. Attempts to assess the adaptive significance of the phenomenon, however, have been limited by the scarcity of data for species of contrasted ecology. We report here an investigation of germination responses to fluctuating temperatures, conducted on seeds of herbaceous species collected from native populations near Sheffield. The results suggest that requirements for diurnal fluctuations in temperature are characteristic of the germination of species from particular types of habitat and provide mechanisms which cause seeds to germinate at times and in places favourable for seedling establishment.