我国精制米及米制品加工业浅析

当前,我国稻米加工基本处在一个初级加工阶段。近几年,低水平的重复建设,造成碾米工业生产能力大大过剩;企业规模小、分布散等问题严重制约着稻采资源的深加工利用;而长期以来产业分工的局限,也影响着米制食品工业的发展。最近两年,受原料价格高、大米需求不振等影响,我国大米加工企业利润空间不断被压缩,开工率普遍不高,整体收益有所下降。因此我国精制米及米制品行业亟待发展。     

Mutations in the gene encoding pejvakin, a newly identified protein of the afferent auditory pathway, cause DFNB59 auditory neuropathy

Auditory neuropathy is a particular type of hearing impairment in which neural transmission of the auditory signal is impaired, while cochlear outer hair cells remain functional. Here we report on DFNB59, a newly identified gene on chromosome 2q31.1-q31.3 mutated in four families segregating autosomal recessive auditory neuropathy. DFNB59 encodes pejvakin, a 352-residue protein. Pejvakin is a paralog of DFNA5, a protein of unknown function also involved in deafness. By immunohistofluorescence, pejvakin is detected in the cell bodies of neurons of the afferent auditory pathway. Furthermore, Dfnb59 knock-in mice, homozygous for the R183W variant identified in one DFNB59 family, show abnormal auditory brainstem responses indicative of neuronal dysfunction along the auditory pathway. Unlike previously described sensorineural deafness genes, all of which underlie cochlear cell pathologies, DFNB59 is the first human gene implicated in nonsyndromic deafness due to a neuronal defect.     

形变双奇核1944Au中的强耦合带

利用重离子融合蒸发反应159Tb（29Si,4nγ）194Au布居了形变双奇核184Au的高自旋态,用GASP探测器阵列进行了在束γ实验测量．通过对实验数据的深入分析,新发现了一条可归属于184Au核的强耦合转动带．基于对转动带有效K值的分析以及从实验数据中提取出的带内B（M1）／B（E2）值与理论计算值的比较,建议了转动带的准粒子组态和能级的自旋宇称值．     

Purification and cloning of amyloid precursor protein beta-secretase from human brain

Proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) generates amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide, which is thought to be causal for the pathology and subsequent cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Cleavage by beta-secretase at the amino terminus of the Abeta peptide sequence, between residues 671 and 672 of APP, leads to the generation and extracellular release of beta-cleaved soluble APP, and a corresponding cell-associated carboxy-terminal fragment. Cleavage of the C-terminal fragment by gamma-secretase(s) leads to the formation of Abeta. The pathogenic mutation K670M671-->N670L671 at the beta-secretase cleavage site in APP, which was discovered in a Swedish family with familial Alzheimer's disease, leads to increased beta-secretase cleavage of the mutant substrate. Here we describe a membrane-bound enzyme activity that cleaves full-length APP at the beta-secretase cleavage site, and find it to be the predominant beta-cleavage activity in human brain. We have purified this enzyme activity to homogeneity from human brain using a new substrate analogue inhibitor of the enzyme activity, and show that the purified enzyme has all the properties predicted for beta-secretase. Cloning and expression of the enzyme reveals that human brain beta-secretase is a new membrane-bound aspartic proteinase.     

城市生态系统健康的综合评价

文中着重讨论了城市生态系统健康的评价方法及其应用，采用熵权法赋予指标权重，应用模糊数学方法建立评价模型，以重庆市为例进行城市生态系统健康评价．首先，以北京，天津，上海作为参照城市，进行横向评价，评价结果表明4个城市均处于亚健康状态；其次，对重庆市2001～2004午生态系统健康状况进行纵向评价，评价结果表明，重庆市生态系统健康状况正从亚健康状态向健康状态发展；最后，对重庆市都市图所包括的9个区进行现状评价，运用GIS技术进行等级划分，得出重庆都市囤生态系统健康状态的排序如下：渝北区〉南岸区〉渝中区〉巴南区〉九龙坡区〉江北区〉沙坪坝区〉大渡口区〉北碚区．     

具有抗艾滋病毒活性的多肽T22([T5,12yr,L7yr]-PolyphemusinⅡ)骨架构象模拟

用势能平滑搜索方法,在平滑修饰的势能面上对具有抗艾滋病毒HIV－1活性的肽T22（[Tyr^5,12,Tyr^7]-PolyphemusinⅡ）骨架结构进行了全程搜索,得到了该分子骨加结构在修饰势能面上的分子构象全集。用多构象优化方法,选择较适用于肽OPLS力场,采用GB／SA水溶剂模型,优化上述构象集,得到T22骨架结构在水溶液中优势构象集。结果表明势能平滑搜索与多构象优化相结合的构象分析方法是解决含有环结构的柔性分子构象分析中多重最小问题的有效方法。     

一种智能型覆盖膜厚度测量仪

本文介绍了一种用ＭＣＳ－９６单片机作控制器的智能型非导电覆盖膜测厚仪，文中详细介绍了用高频涡流传感器测定向和微小位移的原理、８０９８单片机系统的硬件结构及软件流程，由于微机技术，较好地实现了覆盖膜测厚的自动化、智能化及仪器的微型化。     

Role of the prolyl isomerase Pin1 in protecting against age-dependent neurodegeneration

The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies include senile plaques and/or neurofibrillary tangles. Although mouse models have been created by overexpressing specific proteins including beta-amyloid precursor protein, presenilin and tau, no model has been generated by gene knockout. Phosphorylation of tau and other proteins on serine or threonine residues preceding proline seems to precede tangle formation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Notably, these phospho(Ser/Thr)-Pro motifs exist in two distinct conformations, whose conversion in some proteins is catalysed by the Pin1 prolyl isomerase. Pin1 activity can directly restore the conformation and function of phosphorylated tau or it can do so indirectly by promoting its dephosphorylation, which suggests that Pin1 is involved in neurodegeneration; however, genetic evidence is lacking. Here we show that Pin1 expression is inversely correlated with predicted neuronal vulnerability and actual neurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Pin1 knockout in mice causes progressive age-dependent neuropathy characterized by motor and behavioural deficits, tau hyperphosphorylation, tau filament formation and neuronal degeneration. Thus, Pin1 is pivotal in protecting against age-dependent neurodegeneration, providing insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies.     

Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property

Globally, soil organic matter (SOM) contains more than three times as much carbon as either the atmosphere or terrestrial vegetation. Yet it remains largely unknown why some SOM persists for millennia whereas other SOM decomposes readily--and this limits our ability to predict how soils will respond to climate change. Recent analytical and experimental advances have demonstrated that molecular structure alone does not control SOM stability: in fact, environmental and biological controls predominate. Here we propose ways to include this understanding in a new generation of experiments and soil carbon models, thereby improving predictions of the SOM response to global warming.