Isolation and characterization of H7N9 viruses from live poultry markets--Implication of the source of current H7N9 infection in humans

On March 31, 2013, the National Health and Family Planning Commission announced that human infections with a previously undescribed influenza A (H7N9) virus had occurred in Shanghai and Anhui Province, China. To investigate the possible origins of the H7N9 viruses causing these human infections, we collected 970 samples, including drinking water, soil, and cloacal and tracheal swabs of poultry from live poultry markets and poultry farms in Shanghai and Anhui Province. Twenty samples were positive for the H7N9 influenza virus. Notably, all 20 viruses were isolated from samples collected from live poultry markets in Shanghai. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the six internal genes of these novel human H7N9 viruses were derived from avian H9N2 viruses, but the ancestor of their HA and NA genes is uncertain. When we examined the phylogenetic relationship between the H7N9 isolates from live poultry markets and the viruses that caused the human infections, we found that they shared high homology across all eight gene segments. We thus identified the direct avian origin of the H7N9 influenza viruses that caused the human infections. Importantly, we observed that the H7N9 viruses isolated from humans had acquired critical mutations that made them more "human-like". It is therefore imperative to take strong measures to control the spread of H7N9 viruses in birds and humans to prevent further threats to human health.     

层内纵向非均质性对稠油油藏剩余油分布的影响研究

渤海某油田层内纵向非均质性严重,导致低渗透层动用程度低,影响油藏的高效开发。根据非均质油藏地质特征,利用人造物理模型制作技术制作二维物理模型,进行水驱油实验,从而明确纵向非均质性对剩余油分布规律的影响。实验表明:水驱采收率的高低主要取决于层内纵向非均质性,平均渗透率对它影响相对较小;相同级差、不同渗透率条件下,无水采收率和水驱采收率都随着渗透率的增加而增加,但增幅不明显;相同平均渗透率、不同级差条件下,无水采收率和水驱采收率都随着级差的增大而减少,变化幅度明显。     

Early Diagnostic Value of Circulating MiRNA-21 in Lung Cancer： A Meta-Analysis

To evaluate the early diagnostic value of circulating miRNA-21 in diagnosis of lung cancer, databases such as Wan Fang, VIP, PubMed, and Elsevier were systematically searched from 2005 to 2013 to collect relevant references in which the diagnostic value had been evaluated. The statistics were consolidated and the qualities of the studies were classified. The data were analyzed using Meta Disc1.4 software. The diagnostic value of circulating miRNA-21 in lung cancer was assessed by pooling sensitivity, specificity, the likelihood ratio, and the Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic(SROC) curve. Publication biases of the studies involved were analyzed using Stata 11.0 software. A total of 143 papers were collected of which 8 were included, which contained 600 cases and440 controls. A heterogeneity test proved the existence of homogeneity in this study. Upon analysis using random effects models, the weighted sensitivity was 0.68, the specificity 0.77, the positive likelihood ratio 2.84, the negative likelihood ratio 0.40, and the SROC Area Under the Curve(AUC) was 0.8133. Further analysis by subgroup showed that the 5 indicators mentioned above were 0.72, 0.84, 4.50, 0.27, and 0.8987, respectively, for the serum group and 0.63, 0.70, 1.95, 0.53, and 0.7318, respectively, for the plasma group. We conclude that circulating miRNA-21can be regarded a valuable reference in diagnosis of lung cancer. This research showed that in lung cancer the early diagnostic value of miRNA-21 in serum was better than that in plasma.     

该如何理解质的研究的推广度?

在进行质的研究时,推广度成为研究者要考虑的一个因素,但质的研究推广度不同于量的研究中对于推广度的理解,也不能用衡量量的研究推广度的标准来衡量质的研究的推广度.质的研究推广度因其本身的具体内部概括性和相似性移情的特性,因此它更倾向于一种认同和共鸣.     

地表荷载对地铁车站箱体影响实测及有限元分析

对天津地铁1号线西站车站及隧道在地表荷载作用下产生的沉降进行了现场监测和有限元分析,由于变形缝的存在使结构沉降表现为非连续性;地表荷载下基底土体产生塑性应变导致卸荷后结构仍存在不可恢复的残余变形;侧向地表荷载会导致结构产生较大的倾斜差异沉降并使结构扭转。在此基础上研究了地表荷载位置、结构埋深因素对于存在变形缝的地铁结构箱体变形的影响。结果表明：变形缝的存在会削弱结构刚度、加剧结构沉降以及结构间的差异沉降,并且不同荷载位置下结构的沉降特点也各不相同。此外,对于浅埋结构,荷载位置距结构越远,结构的变形越小,且结构埋置越深地表荷载对结构的影响也越小。     

不同时间戳的地图差异匹配改进算法

本论文首先分析了SVG格式地图差异算法的研究现状,在现有的差异算法的基础上,分析了现有算法存在的不足,提出了一种改进的SVG格式地图差异匹配算法I-DiffS。该改进算法定义了节点集元素,即节点集元素可能包含一个或多个元素节点、属性节点和值节点构成的一个路径节点集合,定义了SVG格式解析结构树的标号规则,减少了结构树对应数组的元素个数,也减少了差异脚本中操作类型的数目,缩短了匹配过程。匹配结果为差异脚本,该脚本记录了前一个时间戳到后一个时间戳的更新操作。I-DiffS算法相比于现有的最新DiffS算法,时间复杂度更低。应用验证证明该算法是有效的。     

多沟槽水润滑橡胶轴承水膜压力的无线测试方法

为了得到多沟槽水润滑橡胶轴承水膜压力的全息(周向和轴向)分布,针对目前滑动轴承润滑膜压力测试方法的不足,提出了一种水润滑轴承水膜压力的无线测试方法.该方法采用在转轴上及轴肩的不同位置打孔(即径向导流孔和轴向导流孔,它们之间相互贯通,水膜压力通过各导流孔传递),将压力传感器安装在轴肩轴向导流孔处、无线采集发射装置安装在轴尾端的设计方案,从而避免了对轴承工作面润滑状态的破坏,获得了相应轴承截面上整周水膜压力的连续分布,且便于传感器的安装和调试.与传统测试方法相比,由于该方法采集到的水膜压力数据是利用数字信号进行无线传输的,因此具有无需复杂布线、易操作、测试精度高等优点,并可用于对其他滑动轴承润滑膜压力的测试.     

缩放管内间隔插入旋流片的复合强化传热

提出一种复合强化传热方法,对四种不同间隔插入旋流片的缩放管进行了传热与流阻实验研究,并与普通光滑圆管、缩放管空管、内插旋流片的光滑圆管三种结构条件进行比较.通过综合评价,在实验范围内(3400相似文献   

一种基于成长的物流网络建模方法研究及实证分析

分析了当前流行的物流理论及其建模方法,结合复杂网络理论的最新应用,提出了一种基于成长特性的物流网络基本建模方法NGM。在建模的过程中,首先建立了一个原始模型,考虑到实际物流网络具有的成长特性、优先连接特性、赋权路径特性等方面的实际情况,在原始模型的基础上对该模型进行了修正和优化。结合物流配送中心的需要对该模型的一些特性进行了分析,最后给出了本模型的仿真实证结果。实验结果表明：基于NGM的物流网络能够按照节点的富集程度,形成了“一个核心节点,少量中心节点,大量外围节点”构成的层次型物流网络结构。该结构在经济性、时效性、安全性、沟通性和方便性方面都能使网络的性能达到最优状态。该模型对于物流网络的建模分析、系统设计和网络管理提供了一种新的思路和优化方法。     

CFRP板加固钢¬混凝土组合梁的非线性有限元分析

粘贴碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)板能有效的提高钢－混凝土组合梁的强度和刚度。文中采用非线性有限元方法分析了简支CFRP板加固钢¬混凝土组合梁的极限承载力和刚度,并对有限元模型中胶层和栓钉连接层的影响进行了研究。利用有限元方法与理论公式计算及实验结果进行分析和比较,结果表明：（1）非线性有限元分析得到的应力－应变曲线及CFRP板的纵向应变与试验结果吻合较好;（2）考虑连接层的有限元模型比不考虑连接层的有限元模型有更高的精度;（3）CFRP板的性能在钢梁屈服后才得到充分发挥;（4）对比其他方法,由考虑连接层有限元模型计算得到的抗弯极限承载力最接近实验结果,误差小于3%。