水玻璃固化黏土矿物的试验研究

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X线衍射(XRD)和X线光电子能谱(XPS),对常温下不同密度水玻璃固化的蒙脱石、伊利石和高岭石试样进行测试与分析.结果表明:黏土矿物由固化前的粒状、片状结构转变为固化后的团块状的网状结构.黏土矿物固化样中出现明显的非晶态弥散峰群,未出现新的晶体;固化样衍射强度变小、晶层间距变小、颗粒变得更细小,结晶构造有序性变差,但晶体主体依然是黏土矿物的晶体.固化样中,仅1.15 g/cm3水玻璃固化的蒙脱石样的Ca-2p电子结合能减少了0.624 6 eV,其余元素的相应值未变化.水玻璃固化黏土矿物的机理是:硅酸盐离子和硅酸胶粒在黏土矿物表面如蒙脱石的晶层平面与端面存在复杂的吸附作用,形成了团粒,具有很大表面能的团粒进一步失水缩聚,形成非晶质硅酸盐凝胶和晶质黏土矿物共存的网状结构产物,限制了黏土矿物的活性,固化了黏土矿物.     

基于改进粒子群优化算法的弹道求解方法

为了提高火控系统实时性,提出了基于粒子群优化算法的弹道解算方法,该方法提高了系统响应速度,并为更好地与多核平台下的并行计算相结合提供了基础.首先在预估计瞄准角附近生成并初始化粒子群,然后通过由弹道微分方程等组成的适应度函数对每个粒子的好坏进行评价,最后对粒子群的速度和位置进行更新.为了加快算法的收敛速度,将周氏迭代修正公式计算得到的全局最优粒子的修正角度代替全局最优位置引导粒子群更新.采用实际算例对该方法的可行性与有效性进行了验证.实验结果表明较传统的迭代修正方法其解算速度中提高了约2倍;较传统粒子群算法其粒子群收敛速度加快了约1.5倍.此外该方法最大的优点便是可以与并行计算很好地结合,在多核计算机平台下计算时间还可以进一步缩短.     

短时延网络控制系统的状态反馈控制器设计

研究了短时延网络在网络时延、丢包和数据包时序错乱的网络环境下,网络控制系统(NCSs)的建模、稳定性分析、状态反馈增益设计以及控制器参数优化等问题.在稳定性分析中,获得了系统的稳定性充分条件.采用锥互补线性化(CCL)算法求解了镇定控制器的状态反馈增益值.将状态反馈控制器的设计问题转化为具有稳定域约束的优化问题,然后利用分布估计算法(EDA)求出其最优解,最终得到了系统控制参数的优化值.仿真结果表明,所提出的NCSs控制器设计方法可以有效保证控制系统的性能,经过优化后,控制性能得到明显改善.     

闽南语族群成人城市汉族体型研究

探讨闽南语族群成人城市汉族的体型特征.应用Heath-Carter人体测量法对福建省闽南地区城市汉族成人20～80周岁,总计313例(男149人,女164人)进行了体型评定,并与我国其他城市汉族族群进行比较.闽南语族群成人城市汉族男性的平均体型值为5.5-4.4-1.9;女性的平均体型值为6.1-3.9-1.7.闽南语族群成人城市汉族男性和女性的体型均属于偏中胚层的内胚层体型;随年龄增长,男、女体型值呈相同变化:内因子值和中因子值均先上升后下降,外因子值先下降后上升;闽南语族群成人城市汉族性别间存在的差异具有统计学意义;与国内其他城市汉族族群比较,闽南语族群成人城市汉族男性体型与陕西汉族比较接近,女性体型与安徽汉族比较接近.     

独立学院贫困生人际关系及其影响因素研究

采用人际关系综合诊断量表、应对方式和社会支持量表对340名独立学院贫困生进行调查,通过相关分析和回归分析,探讨人际关系困扰与社会支持和应对方式的相关性.结果 表明：（1）独立学院贫困生人际关系状况堪忧;（2）独立学院贫困生人际关系总分与应对方式及社会支持各因子均呈显著相关;（3）自责、求助、合理化、客观支持及支持总分对独立学院贫困生的人际关系总分有一定的预测作用.     

三塘湖盆地卡拉岗组火山岩储层成岩作用*

通过岩芯宏观观察、显微镜下铸体薄片精细观察,讨论了三塘湖盆地卡拉岗组火山岩储层的岩性岩相特征、储集空间发育特征及成岩作用特征,分析了成岩作用类型与孔洞形成机制。结合火山岩岩石化学分析,并依据火山岩成岩变化特征和过程与火山岩储层储集空间形成的相互关系,将三塘湖盆地石炭系火山岩成岩作用归纳为9种类型、4个成岩期或阶段。冷凝结晶固结成岩作用期和埋藏-热液成岩作用期沸石类杏仁体和充填缝是风化壳储层形成的关键物质基础,早期和晚期表生成岩作用期在各类缝的沟通系统内易溶组分的强烈溶蚀作用是风化壳储层形成的关键作用,并由此形成喷发间期风化壳储层和区域构造抬升剥蚀风化壳储层两类风化壳储层。     

基于关系数据库的Web服务组合研究

针对现有Web服务组合方法效率和查全率低的问题,利用关系数据库中连接运算操作,提出了一种基于关系数据库(RDB)的Web服务组合方法.首先,将Web服务和本体相关信息存储到关系数据库中;然后,利用本体概念间的语义推理关系进行计算,并利用RDB中连接操作对Output和Input表循环进行连接,构造服务执行路径形成组合服务,从而对服务实现动态灵活的组合;最后,实验比较了该方法与其他方法查找组合服务的效率和查全率.实验结果表明:本文方法在基本不影响查找组合服务效率的情况下,较大地提高了查找组合服务的查全率.     

Adsorption of benzonitrile at the air/water interface studied by sum frequency generation spectroscopy

In this investigation, the adsorption of benzonitrile at the air/water interface was addressed using vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy. Using ppp and ssp polarization combinations, the authors detected the symmetric stretching mode of the cyano (CN) group and calculated the orientation of benzonitrile at the interface. In addition, the adsorption isotherm was determined in terms of the hyperpolarizability element by varying the bulk benzonitrile concentration. The adsorption energy was obtained from fitting this isotherm. This work will add to our understanding of chemical processes relevant to retention, degradation, and photolysis of benzonitriles in the environment.     

A 457-year reconstruction of precipitation in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China using tree-ring records

This paper presents a 457-year reconstruction of precipitation in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using tree-ring records.Tree-ring samples were collected from the Hengduan Mountains in the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.A nearly 500-year chronology was developed using tree-ring width records.Correlation analysis shows moisture is the main factor limiting tree growth in this region.Ring-widths were significantly positively correlated with the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI) and precipitation in many months.The highest correlation coefficient was found between the annual growth of trees and precipitation from the previous September to the current June(0.738).Based on this relationship,we reconstructed the precipitation history from 1509 to 2006.The reconstruction explains 54.4%(Radj2=53.5%,N=49,F=56.12) of the actual precipitation variation during the calibration period(1958-2006).During the reliable period of the reconstruction(1549-2006),some low-frequency climate signals are included,indicating this region has been getting wetter in the last 20 years.The reconstruction documents six apparently dry and five pluvial periods and the 17th century dry period lasted longer than any other.When compared with other recent studies,this study and these earlier reconstructions show a similar trend in the variation of drought and pluvial.Further spatial correlation analysis confirms that the reconstructed precipitation adequately represents the rainfall history of the entire Hengduan Mountain area.The Multi-taper method,a type of spectral analysis,reveals that precipitation in this area had significant(P<0.01) spectral peaks at 3-5 a,60 a and 79-85 a.     

Photocatalytic degradation of microcystin-LR using TiO2 nanotubes under irradiation with UV and natural sunlight

In order to investigate the catalytic performance of anodic TiO2 nanotubes and their practical application in the treatment of refractory microcystins(MCs) in natural-water samples,TiO2 nanotubes of diameter of 50-80 nm were fabricated by anodization in C2H2O4·2H2O containing NH4F.Under irradiation with natural sunlight,MC-LR was totally degraded after 1 d using the anodic TiO2 nanotubes.In contrast,the removal efficiency without TiO2 nanotubes was as low as 47.7% within 20 d.In addition,a mixture of anatase and rutile TiO2 gave higher photocatalytic activity than the single phase did.The pH also influenced the adsorption capacity of the TiO2 nanotubes.The order of MC-LR degradation efficiencies at different pH values was 3.5 > 8.0 > 10.0.After five repeated experiments on the degradation of MC-LR for 7 h,the degradation efficiency was still stable.