全文获取类型
收费全文 | 27957篇 |
免费 | 91篇 |
国内免费 | 160篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 150篇 |
丛书文集 | 199篇 |
教育与普及 | 92篇 |
理论与方法论 | 112篇 |
现状及发展 | 12238篇 |
研究方法 | 1264篇 |
综合类 | 13780篇 |
自然研究 | 373篇 |
出版年
2012年 | 489篇 |
2011年 | 845篇 |
2010年 | 202篇 |
2008年 | 583篇 |
2007年 | 669篇 |
2006年 | 627篇 |
2005年 | 670篇 |
2004年 | 687篇 |
2003年 | 597篇 |
2002年 | 677篇 |
2001年 | 776篇 |
2000年 | 797篇 |
1999年 | 533篇 |
1994年 | 347篇 |
1992年 | 437篇 |
1991年 | 361篇 |
1990年 | 437篇 |
1989年 | 397篇 |
1988年 | 408篇 |
1987年 | 428篇 |
1986年 | 419篇 |
1985年 | 525篇 |
1984年 | 401篇 |
1983年 | 397篇 |
1982年 | 370篇 |
1981年 | 362篇 |
1980年 | 375篇 |
1979年 | 859篇 |
1978年 | 703篇 |
1977年 | 605篇 |
1976年 | 551篇 |
1975年 | 598篇 |
1974年 | 689篇 |
1973年 | 604篇 |
1972年 | 631篇 |
1971年 | 810篇 |
1970年 | 913篇 |
1969年 | 726篇 |
1968年 | 786篇 |
1967年 | 706篇 |
1966年 | 609篇 |
1965年 | 444篇 |
1964年 | 217篇 |
1959年 | 235篇 |
1958年 | 461篇 |
1957年 | 337篇 |
1956年 | 285篇 |
1955年 | 270篇 |
1954年 | 267篇 |
1948年 | 221篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
281.
In modernindustry thin film on the substratc has much important role to decide the properties ofproduct especially for electrical optical wear-resistant etc production. There aresome technical methods to prepare thin film including plasma spray physical vapordeposition 《广西师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,21(Z4):284-285
In modern industry,thin film on the substratc has much important role to decide the properties of product, especially for electrical, optical and wear-resistant etc, production. There are some technical methods to prepare thin film,including plasma spray,physical vapor deposition (PVD),chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and sol-gel,etc. Among of them,sol-gel method has been developed a popular tech nique for preparing thin films. 相似文献
282.
高灵敏度离子分子的吸收光谱 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
介绍了光外差-磁旋转-速度调制吸收光谱技术对离子分子的研究,该技术综合了光外差光谱技术、磁旋转光谱技术和速度调制光谱技术三者的特点,形成可以对离子分子高灵敏度测量的光谱技术.该技术不仅保留了速度调制光谱技术对离子分子选择性探测的特点,避免了来自中性分子光谱线的干扰,同时利用光外差光谱技术降低来自光源的幅度涨落噪声,消除放电过程的干扰,再结合磁旋转光谱技术可以对顺磁性分子进行选择性测量以及进一步提高测量信噪比.介绍了光外差-磁旋转-速度调制光谱技术的基本原理、实验方案以及对N2+,CO+,H2O+等离子分子的测量研究结果. 相似文献
283.
284.
T. Matsuoka T. Nishizaki Y. Ikeuchi Y. Okada K. Sumino 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1997,53(3):233-236
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) on cerebral cortical neurons were examined by patch clamp techniques. 5-HT produced a variety
of responses such as outward (19/73 patches/neurons), slow inward (15/73 patches/neurons), fast inward (8/73 patches/neurons),
and mixed currents (initially fast inward deflection followed by an outward response: 2/73 patches/neurons), with a latency
of 12 sec, 15 sec, 0 sec, and 0 sec respectively, at a holding potential of −60 mV in whole-cell patches. The fast inward
currents were again evoked by a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist, 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide hydrochloride (CPBG). In the
cell-attached patch clamp configuration, 5-HT inside the patch pipette elicited single channel currents with slope conductances
of 42 pS and 132 pS (4/42 patches/neurons). CPBG inside the patch pipette evoked inward single channel currents with a lower
slope conductance of 41 pS (3/23 patches/neurons). In contrast, application of 5-HT or a 5-HT2 receptor agonist, α-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine-maleate, outside the patch pipette induced outward single channel currents with a major slope
conductance of 140 pS (8/30 patches/neurons) or 135 pS (6/20 patches/neurons), respectively. These results indicate that the
outward and fast inward currents may be mediated respectively by the 5-HT2 receptor, which is coupled to a G-protein, and by the 5-HT3 receptor, which contains the non-selective cation channel, and that the mixed type may be caused by both the 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors.
Received 27 September 1996; received after revision 4 November 1996; accepted 7 November 1996 相似文献
285.
286.
介绍了一个考虑毛细压力对液膜在垂直平板上蒸发影响的模型.导出了此过程的控制方程组并用可变步长的Runge-Kutta方法进行数值积分.数值结果与Nusselt膜冷凝理论的分析解进行比较,当液膜变得足够薄时,结果与Nusselt膜理论产生显著偏差.这可能是由于Nusselt膜理论没有考虑毛细压力对液膜形状的影响 相似文献
287.
H. Yamagishi 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(6):583-586
The heart beat of early juveniles of the littoral isopodLigia exotica occurred at a frequency of 250 to 350/min, associated with rhythmic activity of the heart muscle. Each burst was composed of a slow depolarizing potential with superimposed spike potentials. The spike potential was eliminated by perfusion with TTX-containing or Na+-free saline. In TTX-saline, the slow potential was unchanged in frequency and amplitude. By current injection into the heart muscle, the rhythm of the slow potential was phase-shifted and its frequency was changed in a membrane potential-dependent manner. These results show that the heart ofLigia early juveniles acts as an endogenous muscle oscillator generating oscillatory slow potentials and Na+-dependent spikes. 相似文献
288.
Antioxidant survey to assess antagonism to redox stress using a prokaryotic and an eukaryotic system
H. Baker B. DeAngelis O. Frank M. Khalil S. H. Hutner E. R. Baker 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(6):597-599
Using a prokaryote (Escherichia coli) and a metazoa-resembling eukaryote (Ochromonas danica), we surveyed antioxidants which might overcome redox stress imposed by menadione sodium bisulphite (MD) and buthionine sulphoximine (BSO). BSO oxidant stress was evident only inO. danica; MD oxidant stress was evident in both organisms. Glutathione, its precursors, e.g. cysteine, homocysteine, and 2-oxo-4-thiazolidine carboxylic acid, and red blood cells, emerged as prime antioxidants for relieving BSO and MD oxidant stress. BSO and MD oxidant activity and antioxidant-annulling effect inO. danica were judged comparable to those found in animal cells whereas the resultsE. coli were not entirely equivalent. TheO. danica system emerged as a practical, rapid, and useful system for pinpointing oxidant stressors and antioxidants, and shows promise for studies with mammalian systems. 相似文献
289.
E. S. Fiala R. S. Sodum M. Bhattacharya H. Li 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(9):922-926
Reaction with peroxynitrite at pH 7.4 and 37°C was found to increase the 8-oxodeoxyguanosine levels in calf thymus DNA 35-38-fold. This oxidation of deoxyguanosine, as well as the peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of tyrosine to 3-nitrotyrosine, was significantly inhibited by ascorbic acid, glutathione and (–)-epigallocatechin gallate, a polyphenolic antioxidant present in tea. For 50% inhibition of the oxidation of deoxyguanosine to 8-oxodeoxyguanosine, 1.1, 7.6 of 0.25 mM ascorbate, glutathione or (–)-epigallocatechin gallate, respectively, was required. For 50% inhibition of tyrosine nitration, the respective concentrations were 1.4, 4.6 or 0.11 mM. Thus, (–)-epigallocatechin gallate is a significantly better inhibitor of both reactions than either ascorbate or glutathione. Reaction of (–)-epigallocatechin gallate with peroxynitrite alone resulted in the formation of a number of products. Ultraviolet spectra of two of these suggest that the tea polyphenol and/or its oxidation products are nitrated by peroxynitrite. 相似文献
290.
Associations with ants, termed myrmecophily, are widespread in the butterfly family Lycaenidae and range from mere co-existence to more or less specific mutualistic or even parasitic interactions. Secretions of specialized epidermal glands are crucial for mediating the interactions. Transfer of nutrients (carbohydrates, amino acids) from butterfly larvae to ants plays a major role, but manipulative communication with the help of odour signals is also involved. By means of myrmecophily, lycaenid butterflies largely escape ant predation, and certain species gain protection through attendant ants or achieve developmental benefits from ant-attendance. Benefits to the ants range from minimal to substantial food rewards. While most lycaenid species maintain facultative relationships with a variety of ant genera, highly specific and obligatory associations have convergently evolved in a number of butterfly lineages. As a corollary, communication systems are largely unspecific in the former, but may be highly specialized in the latter. The sophisticated communication between obligate myrmecophiles and their host ants is tightly connected with the evolutionary rise of specialized life-cycles and thus is a source of augmenting diversity within the butterflies. 相似文献