计算机辅助的瑞奇-康芒检验

本文介绍如何通过计算机光线追迹模拟瑞奇-康芒(Ritchey-Common)检验,找出被检平面镜面形误差与检验系统波象差之间的相互关系,建立一组影响函数。根据分别在两个不同瑞奇角下求得的影响函数和测出的系统波象差,通过最小二乘法求解一组过定线性方程,即可求得被检平面镜的面形误差。文中给出了一块直径为1m的高精度平面镜的检测实例。     

新型有机-无机杂化材料固载烯烃环氧化催化剂

本文以新型有机-无机杂化材料“低聚苯乙烯基膦酸-磷酸氢锆（ZSPP）”为载体，设计合成了四种多胺配体钼配合物多相催化剂，并用红外、拉曼、XPS、XRD及元素分析等方法对催化剂进行了表征。以TBHP为氧源，考察了所制备催化剂催化环己烯环氧化的催化活性，结果表明，所制备的固载催化剂催化环已烯环氧化时具有较高的催化活性、选择性和重复使用性，但随着配体中N原子数的增加，转化率和选择性会逐渐降低。     

一种基于Radon变换的车牌图像分割和识别方法

从Radon变换的定义出发,论述了Radon变换检测直线的原理,并将它应用于车牌图像分割.在1幅含有车牌的图像中,进行边缘检测后,车牌所在矩形框往往是由多条直线组成,当投影方向与直线方向一致时,Radon变换取局部极大值.由此,首先找出Radon变换在0°附近的局部极大值,该值对应于原始图像中的1条接近垂直的直线,然后,寻找次局部极大值,对检测出来的若干条这样的直线聚类,根据计算结果沿垂直方向剪切原始图像;同理,找出Radon变换在90°附近的局部极大值,沿水平方向剪切原始图像.这样,可将车牌所对应的矩形从复杂的背景中分割出来.     

搭接进度网络完工概率分析

在建立搭接进度网络完工概率模型的基础上，分别提出了用MC（Monte Carlo)方法计算搭接进度网络完工概率的步骤和搭接进度网络完工概率的简化分析。实例分析表明，本文方法取得的结果精度较高。     

用MTLAB分析流体输配管肉的初步研究

在暧通空调领域，涉及大量的流体输配管网分析问题。要进行系统设计优化分析、运行调节方案分析等等，都需要对管网的水力工况进行定量分析。文章运用图和流体管网的基本理论，用MATLAB对流体输配管网的分析进行了初步研究。根据管网的基本回路分析法，提出了一种方便可靠的将管道系统转化为网络图的描述方法，以及从管网的网络图直接生成管网分析所需要的一些基础矩阵的方法。对MATLAB的功能及其对于求解管网分析问题的高效率特性进行了分析，并开发了相应的程序。     

实海域实时小尺度目标检测算法

针对实海域可见光图像中海天线附近的远距离小目标特征少、检测精度低的问题,设计了一种基于YOLOv5的实海域实时目标检测算法．首先,通过在网络结构中设置双向特征融合结构,结合高层特征图的强语义信息和低层特征图的定位信息,提高了小目标的检测精度;其次,引入双通道注意力机制,并改进权重分配函数,提高了小目标的检测召回率;然后,通过新增极小目标检测层,增加对小目标物体的检测精度;最后,通过实海域数据集对算法进行验证,证明了算法对小尺度目标检测精度提升明显,同时保持了良好的实时性．     

BEPCII超导螺线管磁体及低温系统热负荷分析

采用三维有限元和有限体积软件对北京正负电子对撞机重大改造项目(BEPCII)超导螺线管磁体(SSM)及低温冷却系统的主要设备进行了热负荷计算及分析.计算结果表明,在现有设计结构下,SSM超导磁体工作温度在4.5 K左右,满足性能要求;磁体及低温系统的总热负荷约120 W,同时还需要0.4 g/s的冷氦流冷却电流引线.从热负荷分布分析,由于磁体结构尺寸大,热辐射漏热为主要漏热;传输管线漏热占系统总漏热的10 %左右.计算结果为超导磁体低温系统的设计和进一步优化提供了依据.     

Loci on 20q13 and 21q22 are associated with pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common inflammatory disorder with complex etiology that involves both genetic and environmental triggers, including but not limited to defects in bacterial clearance, defective mucosal barrier and persistent dysregulation of the immune response to commensal intestinal bacteria. IBD is characterized by two distinct phenotypes: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Previously reported GWA studies have identified genetic variation accounting for a small portion of the overall genetic susceptibility to CD and an even smaller contribution to UC pathogenesis. We hypothesized that stratification of IBD by age of onset might identify additional genes associated with IBD. To that end, we carried out a GWA analysis in a cohort of 1,011 individuals with pediatric-onset IBD and 4,250 matched controls. We identified and replicated significantly associated, previously unreported loci on chromosomes 20q13 (rs2315008[T] and rs4809330[A]; P = 6.30 x 10(-8) and 6.95 x 10(-8), respectively; odds ratio (OR) = 0.74 for both) and 21q22 (rs2836878[A]; P = 6.01 x 10(-8); OR = 0.73), located close to the TNFRSF6B and PSMG1 genes, respectively.     

Comparative analysis of chimpanzee and human Y chromosomes unveils complex evolutionary pathway

The mammalian Y chromosome has unique characteristics compared with the autosomes or X chromosomes. Here we report the finished sequence of the chimpanzee Y chromosome (PTRY), including 271 kb of the Y-specific pseudoautosomal region 1 and 12.7 Mb of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome. Greater sequence divergence between the human Y chromosome (HSAY) and PTRY (1.78%) than between their respective whole genomes (1.23%) confirmed the accelerated evolutionary rate of the Y chromosome. Each of the 19 PTRY protein-coding genes analyzed had at least one nonsynonymous substitution, and 11 genes had higher nonsynonymous substitution rates than synonymous ones, suggesting relaxation of selective constraint, positive selection or both. We also identified lineage-specific changes, including deletion of a 200-kb fragment from the pericentromeric region of HSAY, expansion of young Alu families in HSAY and accumulation of young L1 elements and long terminal repeat retrotransposons in PTRY. Reconstruction of the common ancestral Y chromosome reflects the dynamic changes in our genomes in the 5-6 million years since speciation.