用Ω展开方法讨论化学体系的涨落

运用ＶａｎＫａｍｐｅｎ提出的Ω展开方法，对两个化学反应系统：进行了研究，建立了这两个反应系统组分浓度的一阶矩和二阶矩。     

大坝变形信息判据与分析

应用概率统计原理，对水库大坝变形观测中的变形值与随机因素干扰建立了变形数学模型。为排除干扰，提取真正变形信息，正确判据和分析大坝变形状态与规律提供理论依据。该数学模型在水库的实际应用中获得良好效果。     

一类2阶边值问题的分歧点

考虑如下的２阶非线性方程的边值问题：ｘ″＝λ（Ａｘ＋Ｂｘ′）＋ｆ（ｔ，ｘ，ｘ′，λ）（０≤ｔ≤１），ｘ（０）＝ｘ（ｌ）＝０．在关于Ａ，Ｂ，ｆ的一组条件下，利用Ｋｒａｓｎｏｓｅｌｓｋｉｉ定理证明了上述问题存在分歧点。     

激光开槽、埋槽电极硅太阳电池

报道一种新颖的激光开槽、埋槽电极硅太阳电池的结构、工艺流程及其研制结果。在ＡＭ１．５，２５℃，１００ｍＷ／ｃｍ２的条件下，以面积为４５ｃｍ３的３６片硅片研制的硅太阳电池的输出参数的平均值为ＪＳＣ＝３６．１ｍＡ／ｃｍ２，Ｖ∞＝６３３ｍＶ，Ｆ．Ｆ．＝０．７９８，η＝１８．２３％，最后分析了种高性能硅太阳电池的设计特点。     

高阶抽象Cauchy问题的解析性与指数稳定性

研究高阶抽象Ｃａｕｃｈｙ问题的解及其传播算子的解析性与指数稳定性，得到一些基本结果。同时给出了所得结果对抛物方程的混合问题的应用例子。     

求解k阶线性递归方程组的一种更有效的并行算法

将求解ｋ（ｋ≥２）阶线性递归方程组问题转化为求矩阵序列部分积问题，在ＳＩＭＤ共享存储模型上提出了求解ｋ阶线性递归方程组的一种新的有效并行算法．研究表明，本算法的加速和效率比现有算法均有较大的改善．     

使过半数规则具有传递性的偏好断面的规模

证明了当ｎ＞３时，使过半数投票表决的结果具有传递性的个人偏好序的最大数目大于２￣（ｎ－），从而否定了Ｃｒａｖｅｎ猜想。文中给出了最大偏好序的递推公式以及确定相应约束集的三条规则。     

Insect motion detectors matched to visual ecology

To detect motion, primates, birds and insects all use local detectors to correlate signals sampled at one location in the image with those sampled after a delay at adjacent locations. These detectors can adapt to high image velocities by shortening the delay. To investigate whether they use long delays for detecting low velocities, we compared motion-sensitive neurons in ten species of fast-flying insects, some of which encounter low velocities while hovering. Neurons of bee-flies and hawkmoths, which hover, are tuned to lower temporal frequencies than those of butterflies and bumblebees, which do not. Tuning to low frequencies indicates longer delays and extends sensitivity to lower velocities. Hoverflies retain fast temporal tuning but use their high spatial acuity for sensing low-velocity motion. Thus an unexpectedly wide range of spatio-temporal tuning matches motion detection to visual ecology.     

Natural polymorphisms in C. elegans HECW-1 E3 ligase affect pathogen avoidance behaviour

Heritable variation in behavioural traits generally has a complex genetic basis, and thus naturally occurring polymorphisms that influence behaviour have been defined only in rare instances. The isolation of wild strains of Caenorhabditis elegans has facilitated the study of natural genetic variation in this species and provided insights into its diverse microbial ecology. C. elegans responds to bacterial infection with conserved innate immune responses and, although lacking the immunological memory of vertebrate adaptive immunity, shows an aversive learning response to pathogenic bacteria. Here, we report the molecular characterization of naturally occurring coding polymorphisms in a C. elegans gene encoding a conserved HECT domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, HECW-1. We show that two distinct polymorphisms in neighbouring residues of HECW-1 each affect C. elegans behavioural avoidance of a lawn of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Neuron-specific rescue and ablation experiments and genetic interaction analysis indicate that HECW-1 functions in a pair of sensory neurons to inhibit P. aeruginosa lawn avoidance behaviour through inhibition of the neuropeptide receptor NPR-1 (ref. 10), which we have previously shown promotes P. aeruginosa lawn avoidance behaviour. Our data establish a molecular basis for natural variation in a C. elegans behaviour that may undergo adaptive changes in response to microbial pathogens.     

Two ten-billion-solar-mass black holes at the centres of giant elliptical galaxies

Observational work conducted over the past few decades indicates that all massive galaxies have supermassive black holes at their centres. Although the luminosities and brightness fluctuations of quasars in the early Universe suggest that some were powered by black holes with masses greater than 10 billion solar masses, the remnants of these objects have not been found in the nearby Universe. The giant elliptical galaxy Messier 87 hosts the hitherto most massive known black hole, which has a mass of 6.3 billion solar masses. Here we report that NGC 3842, the brightest galaxy in a cluster at a distance from Earth of 98 megaparsecs, has a central black hole with a mass of 9.7 billion solar masses, and that a black hole of comparable or greater mass is present in NGC 4889, the brightest galaxy in the Coma cluster (at a distance of 103 megaparsecs). These two black holes are significantly more massive than predicted by linearly extrapolating the widely used correlations between black-hole mass and the stellar velocity dispersion or bulge luminosity of the host galaxy. Although these correlations remain useful for predicting black-hole masses in less massive elliptical galaxies, our measurements suggest that different evolutionary processes influence the growth of the largest galaxies and their black holes.