An independent microbial flora of the epithelium and its role in the ecomicrobiology of the rumen

IT has been suggested that the bacterial flora of the rumen should be considered as three distinct, interacting populations-the bacteria of rumen fluid (the population which has been studied most extensively), the bacteria associated with food particles, and the bacteria adhering to the epithelial wall of the organ(1). Until now, studies of the 'epithelial' population have been restricted to examination of postmortem samples of wall tissue and its attached bacterial flora(2-5). A recently developed technique(6) for feeding young sheep for long periods solely by infusion of protein and other essential nutrients into the abomasum, and of volatile fatty acids and bicarbonate buffer into the rumen, has provided us with an opportunity to study in isolation the role of the bacterial population of the wall in the ecomicrobiology of the rumen in the living animal. Our studies show that this population can exist independently of the other two populations, that it is primarily responsible for urea digestion in the rumen and that it initiates breakdown of dead epithelial tissue. Furthermore, our results point to an inverse relationship between ammonia concentration and ureolytic activity in rumen fluid, which may account for the control which ammonia exerts over flux of urea across the rumen wall(7-9).     

4105发动机缸体铸件渣气孔成因分析及对策

对4105发动机缸机缸体铸件出现的批量渣气孔现象进行了分析.电镜分析和能谱分析表明渣气孔是渣致皮下气孔.其批量出现的原因主要是各种变化因素的不确定性已超出了工艺的承受能力,不能简单地认为是工艺不合理,为了证实分析结果,进行了试验验证,在此基础上提出了最大限度减少铸造缺陷的方法措施,很好地解决了生产中废品率高的问题.     

γ-Al2O3载体孔内原位合成水滑石

以尿素为沉淀剂,利用γ-Al2O3的内孔表面铝源原位合成水滑石. 考察了晶化时间、晶化温度、初始溶液浓度、原料配比对原位合成水滑石的影响. 实验中发现晶化6 h,MgAlCO3-LDH的晶体结构已趋于完整,晶化时间大于6 h时会有NH4Al(OH)2CO3*H2O杂相生成.在实验条件范围内,生成的一次粒子大小随着晶化时间的延长逐渐增大,随着晶化温度的升高、初始溶液浓度的增大而减小.     

煤砂均质滤料滤池设计参数的试验研究

从滤床除浊的机理出发，研究了煤砂双层滤料滤池的最佳粒径、层厚比和粒径比，为煤砂双层滤料滤池的设计提供参数。     

^210Pbex depth distribution in soil and calibration models for assessment of soil erosion rates from ^210Pbex measurements

Throughout the past decade, the potential for using nuclear weapon-produced 137Cs ( half-life 30.2 a) fallout to quantify soil erosion rates on both cultivated and uncul- tivated lands for medium-term timescales (≈ 40 a) has been successfully demonstrated in a wide range of envi- ronments in different regions of the world[1—6]. Because in difficulties of distinguishing Chernobyl-derived compo- nent from total 137Cs input in many parts of Europe, and in measuring low activity samples of…     

Effect of Carboxymethyl Starch as Stabilizer for Increasing the Stability of Warp Sizing Pastes

The influences of carboxymethyl starch used as stabilizer upon the stability of native cornstarch-polyvinyl alcohol blend pastes for warp sizing have been investigated. The effect of the modified starch on the paste stability was evaluated in terms of the initial demixing time and the volume percentage of separated starch. The carboxymethyl starch with a series of different degrees of substitution was prepared in ethanol dispersion by varying the amount of monochloroacetic acid reacted with refined native cornstarch. The paste stability strongly depends on the modification extent and amount of carboxymethyl starch used, and on native starch content in the paste. Increase in the modification extent and/or the amount of the modified starch effectively retards the phase separation and reduces the separation extent of native cornstarch-polyvinyl alcohol blend pastes. Moreover, the mechanism and favorable modification extent of carboxymethyl starch for enhancing paste stability are also investigated and disc     

南澳岛及其附近岛屿夏季鸟类的初步调查

作者一行于 2 0 0 1年夏季对南澳及其附近岛屿的鸟类资源状况进行了调查研究 .结果发现 ,南澳及其附近岛屿有鸟类 51种 ,隶属 1 3目 2 8科 ,其中雀形目 2 3种 ,占所发现种类的 45% ,非雀形目 2 8种 ,占 55% ;国家一、二级保护动物各一种 ,分别为 :白腹军舰鸟 (F regataandrewsi)和岩鹭 (Egretta sacra) .按鸟类的栖息和迁徙习惯划分 ,有海鸟 8种 ,湿地候鸟 2种 ,湿地留鸟 9种 ,陆地候鸟 4种 ,陆地留鸟 2 8种 .在所有鸟类中以褐翅燕鸥 (Sterna anae-thetus)为优势种 ,数量最大 ,分布最广 .     

聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯接枝聚乙二醇共聚物的合成及结构表征

研究了以聚乙烯—醋酸乙烯酯为主链化合物，利用威廉森(Williamson)合成法，在主链上接枝聚乙二醇，合成了一类新型的大分子表面改性剂。利用核磁共振氧谱和红外光谱，表征了聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酸及合成的接枝共聚物的化学结构，讨论了实验条件对接枝产物大分子链结构的影响。     

水溶性富勒醇对活性氧自由基的清除

C_(60)及其相关衍生物的生物活性研究具有重要意义.由于C_(60)分子本身是非极性的,难溶于常见的极性溶剂,使得它在生物化学领域的研究和应用受到很大的限制.合成出水溶性的C_(60)衍生物将很好地解决这一问题.1993年Friedman等人发现水溶性C_(60)衍生物[HOCO(CH_2)_2CONH(CH_2)_2-C_6H_4]_2C_(61)具有抗HIVP的作用.黄文栋等人报道了水溶性C_(60)-脂质体对人子宫颈癌细胞具有很强的杀伤效应.最近,Chiang等人采用化学发光的方法研究了多羟基C_(60)衍生物——富勒醇吞噬超氧阴离子自由基的功效,结果表明富勒醇对黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶产生的超氧阴离子自由基具有良好的清除作用,有关富勒醇对羟基自由基的清除作用研究未见报道.     

单个准分子激光脉冲和位相光栅模板制作表面周期结构

近年来,准分子激光器(excimer laser)以其高能量的脉冲式紫外(193nm或248nm)激光输出特征而被人们用于部分薄膜材料的加工和制备,其原理是用聚焦后的准分子激光脉冲对靶材进行轰击,一定条件下将轰击出来的靶材颗粒均匀沉积在基片上便可以生长出薄膜结构,这种方法又称为PLD(Pulse laser deposition)技术.利用准分子激光器和石英位相光栅模板,人们已经在光敏光纤和光敏光波导中写入了性能良好的Bragg折射率光栅,由于LiNbO_3(LN)和 LITaO_3(LT)这两种重要的光学晶体均对准分子激光波长(248 nm)产生强烈吸收,所以当它们被该激光照射时,激光能量将被晶体吸收并产生热量.如果激光的能量密