物理学(下)

凝聚态物理当周围的温度下降到我们行星所特有的温度时,原子和分子将凝集成常见的凝聚物质——固体和液体。固体过去几十年中,对固体结构的了解和探索取得了巨大进展。这主要为平移不变性概念——在所有方向上,周期性的晶体结构无限次重复——     

覆盖物对低温热水地板辐射盘管散热影响分析

建立带有覆盖物的低温热水地板辐射盘管散热模型,利用F luent软件模拟不同覆盖物尺寸对低温热水地板辐射盘管散热的影响。研究结果表明:(1)在一定的覆盖物面积内,覆盖物面积增加造成地板局部升温。(2)在一定的覆盖物面积内,覆盖物的面积与地板的散热量减少成正比,但继续增加尺寸,其对低温热水地板辐射盘管散热的影响则不再明显。     

iASPP oncoprotein is a key inhibitor of p53 conserved from worm to human

We have previously shown that ASPP1 and ASPP2 are specific activators of p53; one mechanism by which wild-type p53 is tolerated in human breast carcinomas is through loss of ASPP activity. We have further shown that 53BP2, which corresponds to a C-terminal fragment of ASPP2, acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of p53 (ref. 1). Hence, an inhibitory form of ASPP resembling 53BP2 could allow cells to bypass the tumor-suppressor functions of p53 and the ASPP proteins. Here, we characterize such a protein, iASPP (inhibitory member of the ASPP family), encoded by PPP1R13L in humans and ape-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. iASPP is an evolutionarily conserved inhibitor of p53; inhibition of iASPP by RNA-mediated interference or antisense RNA in C. elegans or human cells, respectively, induces p53-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, iASPP is an oncoprotein that cooperates with Ras, E1A and E7, but not mutant p53, to transform cells in vitro. Increased expression of iASPP also confers resistance to ultraviolet radiation and to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. iASPP expression is upregulated in human breast carcinomas expressing wild-type p53 and normal levels of ASPP. Inhibition of iASPP could provide an important new strategy for treating tumors expressing wild-type p53.     

A tiling resolution DNA microarray with complete coverage of the human genome

We constructed a tiling resolution array consisting of 32,433 overlapping BAC clones covering the entire human genome. This increases our ability to identify genetic alterations and their boundaries throughout the genome in a single comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiment. At this tiling resolution, we identified minute DNA alterations not previously reported. These alterations include microamplifications and deletions containing oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes and new genes that may be associated with multiple tumor types. Our findings show the need to move beyond conventional marker-based genome comparison approaches, that rely on inference of continuity between interval markers. Our submegabase resolution tiling set for array CGH (SMRT array) allows comprehensive assessment of genomic integrity and thereby the identification of new genes associated with disease.     

Improved Performance of Sulfonated Polyarylene Ethers for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

The proton exchange membrane （PEM） is one of key components in fuel cell system. Its properties are very important in determining PEMFC performance. The membranes presently used in fuel cell are perfluorosulfonic polymaers, such as Nation from Dupont. Although they have high proton conductivity and excellent chemical stability, their too high production cast and methanol permeability lead to failure of fuel cell applica- tion. Therefore, various partially fluorinated and non-fluorinated polymer electrolytes are under development for PEMFC application since one decade. In the middle of non-fluorinated polymer electrolytes, sulfonated poly（arylene ether）s display high thermal stability, good mechanical properties and exceptional resistance to oxidation and acid catalyzed hydrolysis. They have been regarded as well-suited proton exchange membrane candidates for fuel cells.     

Ionic Liquids Derived from the Chiral Pool: New Media for Fine Chemistry

1 Introduction Ionic liquids (Ils) are low melting point salts, which are characterized by properties such as high ability to dissolve organic, organometallic and even inorganic compounds, absence of flammability, lack of measurable vapour pressure and high thermal stability. Due to these peculiar properties, they have recently attracted considerable attention as greener alternatives to volatile organic solvents~([1]). A few chiral ionic liquids, which could provide a renewal in the field of c…     

传感数据起源信息的多粒度标注与多分辨压缩

为了有效地追溯传感器网络中传感数据的生成与处理历史,提出一种面向无线传感器网络数据重发布的数据起源生成及传播方法.根据传感网数据起源特点分析了3种不同粒度起源的创建和传播.提出mgp-SQL语句实现了查询传播意义上起源的多粒度化;为降低传感网对起源信息的传输成本和存储成本,提出了一种基于离散小波分解理论的多分辨率起源压缩方法;根据传感网络起源信息的生成和发布的过程,结合上述2种技术实现了传感数据起源追溯算法MMPQ.真实数据及合成数据上的测试实验证明,MMPQ可以在查询过程中灵活调节压缩比率,生成适当分辨率的起源标注并高效存储.     

世界科技领军地位之争：国家发展状况与趋势分祈

科技领域领军地位之争,一直以来都是美国和欧盟的龙虎斗,但现在中国大有争霸之势。目前,在大多数投入指标上美国处于领先地位,欧盟领先于一些重要的产出指标,而中国却从文化大革命时期贫穷落后的不发达状态飞速发展起来,在大多数科技指标方面紧跟美国和欧盟,成为世界科技领域的有力竞争者。依据近年来专家的分析研究,对世界研发领域发展水平的评估表明,许多中国实验室的整体性能正得到快速提升。当前的科技发展状况以及许多相应表征指标的变化都预示着——在不久的将来,中国会在许多指标上超越其他国家,成为科技领域里的超级大国。本文所做的预测是基于国家论文份额的变化,其中投入指标应用的是某国研发经费的世界份额。如果世界各国在投资方面仍保持当前的趋势,那么今后美国与欧盟在SCI数据库中的论文份额将会继续降低,而中国将在十年之内迎头赶上。中国在Inspec与Compendex数据库的数据已经超过美国这一事实对此预测也提供了有力的支持。     

竞技运动教育模式的教学赛季计划

竞技运动教育模式已经赢得业内文献的大量支持,成为美国学校身体教育环境中竞技运动教学的重要途径.随着竞技运动教育模式的日益风靡,身体教育领域中的理论学者应同实践教师协同建立合适的指导模式.介绍了美国中学身体教育实践中,一个帮助体育教师有效筹划竞技运动教育的教学赛季计划的体系,希望对中国的学校体育教育有所帮助.     

Asymptotic limits and stabilization for the 1D nonlinear Mindlin-Timoshenko system

<正> This paper shows how the so called von Karman model can be obtained as a singular limitof a modified Mindlin-Timoshenko system when the modulus of elasticity in shear k tends to infinity,provided a regularizing term through a fourth order dispersive operator is added.Introducing dampingmechanisms,the authors also show that the energy of solutions for this modified Mindlin-Timoshenkosystem decays exponentially,uniformly with respect to the parameter k.As k→∞,the authors obtainthe damped von Karman model with associated energy exponentially decaying to zero as well.