全文获取类型
收费全文 | 43886篇 |
免费 | 245篇 |
国内免费 | 538篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 1212篇 |
丛书文集 | 75篇 |
教育与普及 | 277篇 |
理论与方法论 | 507篇 |
现状及发展 | 29055篇 |
研究方法 | 2篇 |
综合类 | 11354篇 |
自然研究 | 2187篇 |
出版年
2014年 | 392篇 |
2013年 | 799篇 |
2011年 | 2356篇 |
2009年 | 591篇 |
2008年 | 586篇 |
2007年 | 623篇 |
2006年 | 742篇 |
2005年 | 915篇 |
2004年 | 2039篇 |
2003年 | 1658篇 |
2002年 | 1304篇 |
2001年 | 887篇 |
2000年 | 417篇 |
1999年 | 670篇 |
1998年 | 639篇 |
1997年 | 771篇 |
1996年 | 527篇 |
1995年 | 394篇 |
1994年 | 678篇 |
1993年 | 687篇 |
1992年 | 641篇 |
1991年 | 578篇 |
1990年 | 633篇 |
1989年 | 465篇 |
1988年 | 446篇 |
1987年 | 440篇 |
1986年 | 539篇 |
1985年 | 640篇 |
1984年 | 610篇 |
1983年 | 528篇 |
1982年 | 704篇 |
1981年 | 751篇 |
1980年 | 811篇 |
1979年 | 1042篇 |
1978年 | 997篇 |
1977年 | 1005篇 |
1976年 | 909篇 |
1975年 | 870篇 |
1974年 | 595篇 |
1973年 | 937篇 |
1972年 | 1011篇 |
1971年 | 943篇 |
1970年 | 907篇 |
1969年 | 899篇 |
1968年 | 863篇 |
1967年 | 721篇 |
1966年 | 578篇 |
1965年 | 503篇 |
1964年 | 450篇 |
1963年 | 414篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
721.
H. Yamagishi 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(6):583-586
The heart beat of early juveniles of the littoral isopodLigia exotica occurred at a frequency of 250 to 350/min, associated with rhythmic activity of the heart muscle. Each burst was composed of a slow depolarizing potential with superimposed spike potentials. The spike potential was eliminated by perfusion with TTX-containing or Na+-free saline. In TTX-saline, the slow potential was unchanged in frequency and amplitude. By current injection into the heart muscle, the rhythm of the slow potential was phase-shifted and its frequency was changed in a membrane potential-dependent manner. These results show that the heart ofLigia early juveniles acts as an endogenous muscle oscillator generating oscillatory slow potentials and Na+-dependent spikes. 相似文献
722.
Antioxidant survey to assess antagonism to redox stress using a prokaryotic and an eukaryotic system
H. Baker B. DeAngelis O. Frank M. Khalil S. H. Hutner E. R. Baker 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(6):597-599
Using a prokaryote (Escherichia coli) and a metazoa-resembling eukaryote (Ochromonas danica), we surveyed antioxidants which might overcome redox stress imposed by menadione sodium bisulphite (MD) and buthionine sulphoximine (BSO). BSO oxidant stress was evident only inO. danica; MD oxidant stress was evident in both organisms. Glutathione, its precursors, e.g. cysteine, homocysteine, and 2-oxo-4-thiazolidine carboxylic acid, and red blood cells, emerged as prime antioxidants for relieving BSO and MD oxidant stress. BSO and MD oxidant activity and antioxidant-annulling effect inO. danica were judged comparable to those found in animal cells whereas the resultsE. coli were not entirely equivalent. TheO. danica system emerged as a practical, rapid, and useful system for pinpointing oxidant stressors and antioxidants, and shows promise for studies with mammalian systems. 相似文献
723.
E. S. Fiala R. S. Sodum M. Bhattacharya H. Li 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(9):922-926
Reaction with peroxynitrite at pH 7.4 and 37°C was found to increase the 8-oxodeoxyguanosine levels in calf thymus DNA 35-38-fold. This oxidation of deoxyguanosine, as well as the peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of tyrosine to 3-nitrotyrosine, was significantly inhibited by ascorbic acid, glutathione and (–)-epigallocatechin gallate, a polyphenolic antioxidant present in tea. For 50% inhibition of the oxidation of deoxyguanosine to 8-oxodeoxyguanosine, 1.1, 7.6 of 0.25 mM ascorbate, glutathione or (–)-epigallocatechin gallate, respectively, was required. For 50% inhibition of tyrosine nitration, the respective concentrations were 1.4, 4.6 or 0.11 mM. Thus, (–)-epigallocatechin gallate is a significantly better inhibitor of both reactions than either ascorbate or glutathione. Reaction of (–)-epigallocatechin gallate with peroxynitrite alone resulted in the formation of a number of products. Ultraviolet spectra of two of these suggest that the tea polyphenol and/or its oxidation products are nitrated by peroxynitrite. 相似文献
724.
Associations with ants, termed myrmecophily, are widespread in the butterfly family Lycaenidae and range from mere co-existence to more or less specific mutualistic or even parasitic interactions. Secretions of specialized epidermal glands are crucial for mediating the interactions. Transfer of nutrients (carbohydrates, amino acids) from butterfly larvae to ants plays a major role, but manipulative communication with the help of odour signals is also involved. By means of myrmecophily, lycaenid butterflies largely escape ant predation, and certain species gain protection through attendant ants or achieve developmental benefits from ant-attendance. Benefits to the ants range from minimal to substantial food rewards. While most lycaenid species maintain facultative relationships with a variety of ant genera, highly specific and obligatory associations have convergently evolved in a number of butterfly lineages. As a corollary, communication systems are largely unspecific in the former, but may be highly specialized in the latter. The sophisticated communication between obligate myrmecophiles and their host ants is tightly connected with the evolutionary rise of specialized life-cycles and thus is a source of augmenting diversity within the butterflies. 相似文献
725.
The maximum consumption of the larvae of the pest and vector mosquitoCulex quinquefasciatus by the predatory mosquitoCulex (Lutzia) raptor was studied at various instars of both the predator and the prey. The prey preferences of the predator when given lavae of different instars were also investigated. The IVth instar of the predator consumed the maximum number of Ist instar and the maximum biomass of IVth instar larvae of the prey. Instars I and II of the predator preferred the Ist of the prey; instars III and IV of the predator preferred instars II and III of the prey respectively.The predator consumed an average of 157.1 larvae during its whole larval period, when each instar of the predator was given its preferred instar of the prey. 相似文献
726.
Concept of an extracellular regulation of muscular metabolic rate during heavy exercise in humans by psychophysiological feedback 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
H. -V. Ulmer 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(5):416-420
Efferent motor signals to skeletal muscles concern not only the space/time pattern of motion, but also the setting of muscular performance and through this the control of the current metabolic rate. For an optimal adjustment of metabolic rate during heavy exercise — e.g. in athletic competitions — a feedback control system must exist, including a programmer that takes into consideration a finishing point (teleoanticipation). The presented experiments, using Borg's scale, indicate the existence and functioning of a system for optimal adjustment of performance during heavy exercise and the relevance of teleoanticipatory effects. Thus motor learning includes not only somatosensory control, but also metabolic control. With regard to migratory birds, such metabolic control would have to operate in the individual as well as in the migrating flock as a whole. 相似文献
727.
老板口服液急性毒性实验,小鼠灌胃剂量达40g/kg时,未出现毒性症状和死亡现象.腹腔注射给药LD50为11.56g/kg.大鼠长期毒性实验分别灌胃给药10g/kg、5g/kg和2.5g/kg,连续6周.各组无动物死亡.动物外观、体重增长、血象、肝肾功能及各脏器指数与对照组无明显差异.脏器组织检查高剂量组13只大鼠中有2只大鼠少量肝细胞脂肪样变.但留存动物于停药3周后,病检均正常.提示老板口服液临床口服用药安全范围较大. 相似文献
728.
海南岛无翼坡垒林植物物种多样性和物种空间配置研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从群落最小面积、绝对植物物种多样性和植物物种多样性指数等三个方面的测定,研究海南岛无翼坡垒林的植物物种多样性.其结果是,群落最小面积为3500m2,在这个面积范围里,1.5m高以上的立木有126种;物种多样性指数Ds-w=5.03.从群落物种分布的均匀度、各物种的频度和群落的垂直分布状况,研究该森林的物种空间配置,结果表明:群落的均匀度Js-w为71.76,频度分布规律力A>B>C>D>E(按Raunkiaer频度级),其特征是A级所占的比例很大,约占总数的74.6%;垂直分布状况表明,无翼坡垒林整个群落的个体高度比例基本上是“金字塔”型,但仍有一定的波动性. 相似文献
729.
研究了掺Nb浓度为0.15的KTN晶体中^181Ta和^93Nb的核磁共振信号的线宽和(积分)强度对温度的依赖性。通过两种核的信息分析,我们观察到在120K-230K之间晶体发生二次相变,而且发现两种核的共振线的展宽起源是不同的。我们也把^181Ta的信号与两种标定纯的KTaO3晶体的相应信号作了比较,发现“消除”效应都存在。 相似文献
730.
张春跃 《南京师大学报(自然科学版)》1996,(3)
设图G是一个n阶简单图,G中的一个圈C称为Dλ—圈,如果G\V(C)的每个连通分支的阶都小于λ.当G是3—连通图,且有NCλ(G)≥n+42-2λ时,G含有Dλ—圈或G是Petersen图. 相似文献