全文获取类型
收费全文 | 104篇 |
免费 | 0篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
教育与普及 | 7篇 |
现状及发展 | 3篇 |
研究方法 | 17篇 |
综合类 | 78篇 |
出版年
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 5篇 |
2010年 | 2篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 5篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 3篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有105条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
van Kasteren SI Kramer HB Jensen HH Campbell SJ Kirkpatrick J Oldham NJ Anthony DC Davis BG 《Nature》2007,446(7139):1105-1109
One of the most important current scientific paradoxes is the economy with which nature uses genes. In all higher animals studied, we have found many fewer genes than we would have previously expected. The functional outputs of the eventual products of genes seem to be far more complex than the more restricted blueprint. In higher organisms, the functions of many proteins are modulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). These alterations of amino-acid side chains lead to higher structural and functional protein diversity and are, therefore, a leading contender for an explanation for this seeming incongruity. Natural protein production methods typically produce PTM mixtures within which function is difficult to dissect or control. Until now it has not been possible to access pure mimics of complex PTMs. Here we report a chemical tagging approach that enables the attachment of multiple modifications to bacterially expressed (bare) protein scaffolds: this approach allows reconstitution of functionally effective mimics of higher organism PTMs. By attaching appropriate modifications at suitable distances in the widely-used LacZ reporter enzyme scaffold, we created protein probes that included sensitive systems for detection of mammalian brain inflammation and disease. Through target synthesis of the desired modification, chemistry provides a structural precision and an ability to retool with a chosen PTM in a manner not available to other approaches. In this way, combining chemical control of PTM with readily available protein scaffolds provides a systematic platform for creating probes of protein-PTM interactions. We therefore anticipate that this ability to build model systems will allow some of this gene product complexity to be dissected, with the aim of eventually being able to completely duplicate the patterns of a particular protein's PTMs from an in vivo assay into an in vitro system. 相似文献
3.
4.
In 2005, plumes were detected near the south polar region of Enceladus, a small icy satellite of Saturn. Observations of the south pole revealed large rifts in the crust, informally called 'tiger stripes', which exhibit higher temperatures than the surrounding terrain and are probably sources of the observed eruptions. Models of the ultimate interior source for the eruptions are under consideration. Other models of an expanding plume require eruptions from discrete sources, as well as less voluminous eruptions from a more extended source, to match the observations. No physical mechanism that matches the observations has been identified to control these eruptions. Here we report a mechanism in which temporal variations in tidal stress open and close the tiger-stripe rifts, governing the timing of eruptions. During each orbit, every portion of each tiger stripe rift spends about half the time in tension, which allows the rift to open, exposing volatiles, and allowing eruptions. In a complementary process, periodic shear stress along the rifts also generates heat along their lengths, which has the capacity to enhance eruptions. Plume activity is expected to vary periodically, affecting the injection of material into Saturn's E ring and its formation, evolution and structure. Moreover, the stresses controlling eruptions imply that Enceladus' icy shell behaves as a thin elastic layer, perhaps only a few tens of kilometres thick. 相似文献
5.
Roberts AE Araki T Swanson KD Montgomery KT Schiripo TA Joshi VA Li L Yassin Y Tamburino AM Neel BG Kucherlapati RS 《Nature genetics》2007,39(1):70-74
Noonan syndrome, the most common single-gene cause of congenital heart disease, is characterized by short stature, characteristic facies, learning problems and leukemia predisposition. Gain-of-function mutations in PTPN11, encoding the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, cause approximately 50% of Noonan syndrome cases. SHP2 is required for RAS-ERK MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade activation, and Noonan syndrome mutants enhance ERK activation ex vivo and in mice. KRAS mutations account for <5% of cases of Noonan syndrome, but the gene(s) responsible for the remainder are unknown. We identified missense mutations in SOS1, which encodes an essential RAS guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (RAS-GEF), in approximately 20% of cases of Noonan syndrome without PTPN11 mutation. The prevalence of specific cardiac defects differs in SOS1 mutation-associated Noonan syndrome. Noonan syndrome-associated SOS1 mutations are hypermorphs encoding products that enhance RAS and ERK activation. Our results identify SOS1 mutants as a major cause of Noonan syndrome, representing the first example of activating GEF mutations associated with human disease and providing new insights into RAS-GEF regulation. 相似文献
6.
7.
吴江海 《上饶师范学院学报》1990,(3)
本文讨论了一般有效势的计算方法和 SO(10)群的破缺机制,并计算了 SO(10)大统一模型单圈近似下的有效势。这一有效势的得出不但对讨论 SO(10)大统一模型理论的整体对称性是有益的,而且可用来讨论极早期宇宙的剧烈膨胀过程。 相似文献
8.
Antigen-specific T cells in autoimmune diseases with a focus on multiple sclerosis and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Although the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases remains poorly understood, the current view is that autoaggresive antigen-specific T cells play a central role in the cascade of events leading to most autoimmune diseases. A major event in the development of autoimmune diseases is the activation of antigen-specific T cells-how, when and where does this activation take place? This review addresses questions concerning the occurrence of unique autoantigens triggering autoimmune diseases, the factors influencing the balance between self-tolerance and autoaggresive immunity, and the mechanisms by which dendritic cells mediate immunity and tolerance to antigen-specific T cells. Knowledge of how antigen-specific T cells are activated is now being used to develop therapeutic approaches to control autoimmune diseases. We discuss tolerance to antigen-specific T cells and tolerance induction as treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Therapeutic modalities have been established which selectively target the pathogenic T cells. leaving the remainder of the immune system intact. 相似文献
9.
吴江海 《上饶师范学院学报》1993,(3)
近几年物理学为解决宇宙起源而创立了量子宇宙学,虽然这一学说还是处于创立初期,但由这一理论而提出的时空观的问题却引起了人们的思考。通过讨论我们得出:在普朗克期,时间、空间具有新的结构、新的特征,应该用新的量去描述它们;时空的量子起伏使我们确信在普朗克期因果联系的形式和特征变得丰富多样了;统一理论只有在多维时空中建立,似乎表明四维时空只是多维时空的一种表现形式。 相似文献
10.