Hydrometallurgical application for treating a Nigerian chalcopyrite ore in chloride medium: Part I. Dissolution kinetics assessment

The dissolution kinetics of a Nigerian chalcopyrite ore in hydrochloric acid was studied in this article. Acid concentration, reaction temperature, and ore particle size were chosen as experimental parameters. The chemical and morphological studies of the ore before and after leaching at optimal conditions were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is revealed that increasing the acid concentration and system temperature and decreasing the ore particle size greatly enhances the dissolution rate. The dissolution kinetics was found to follow the shrinking core model for the diffusion control mechanism where the activation energy (E_a) of 32.92 kJ·mol?1 was obtained for the process and supported by morphological changes at a higher dissolution of 91.33%.     

塞尔维亚黄土的磁学性质及其环境意义

多瑙河流域的塞尔维亚发育着典型的风积黄土-古土壤地层,形成年代至少早于80万年.对塞尔维亚L1～S4黄土古土壤序列进行了系统的磁学参数测量分析,表明塞尔维亚黄土古土壤磁化率性质总体上与中国黄土高原是一致的,即磁化率的变化与成壤强度基本上呈正相关关系.无论是黄土层还是古土壤层,对磁化率起主要贡献的是细粒的超顺磁(SP)颗粒和单畴(SD)颗粒,多畴(MD)颗粒所占比例较小.磁化率在黄土层和古土壤层出现的差异,与成壤作用密切相关.随着成壤作用的增强(从黄土发育至古土壤),细粒的亚铁磁性矿物含量随之增加,样品中强磁性的磁性矿物逐渐增多,磁化率增强.高温热磁曲线研究表明,黄土层样品中对磁化率起主要贡献的是磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿,古土壤层样品则主要为磁铁矿,磁赤铁矿只占有较小的比例,特别是S3和S4古土壤样品,甚至在加热和退热过程中表现出有可逆变化的趋势,表明该剖面S3和S4古土壤层发育期间的成土条件,已经使得磁赤铁矿不再稳定,发生溶解改变,可能暗示了当时更加湿润的成土环境已经超过磁赤铁矿的稳定临界条件.     

Analysis of discrete-time queues with batch renewal input and multiple vacations

This paper analyzes a discrete-time multiple vacations finite-buffer queueing system with batch renewal input in which inter-arrival time of batches are arbitrarily distributed.Service and vacation times are mutually independent and geometrically distributed.The server takes vacations when the system does not have any waiting jobs at a service completion epoch or a vacation completion epoch.The system is analyzed under the assumptions of late arrival system with delayed access and early arrival system.Using the supplementary variable and the imbedded Markov chain techniques, the authors obtain the queue-length distributions at pre-arrival,arbitrary and outside observer’s observation epochs for partial-batch rejection policy.The blocking probability of the first-,an arbitrary-and the last-job in a batch have been discussed.The analysis of actual waiting-time distributions measured in slots of the first-,an arbitrary- and the last-job in an accepted batch,and other performance measures along with some numerical results have also been investigated.     

非线性不规则波二阶分离模型

基于二阶波势流理论,建立了一个非线性不规则波浪二阶分离模型。通过求解频域内一、二阶成分之间的传递函数,建立起二阶项求解关系式,将二阶项变换到与一阶项同一个傅里叶频域空间,采用Newton-Raphson迭代方法分别求解出目标波浪中一阶、二阶和频与二阶差频。利用所建立模型分别对规则波和二阶非线性不规则波进行了数值验证,并对波浪非线性的影响进行了分析,典型数值计算结果表明模型是有效的。     

浅谈企业信用管理

随着我国经济的发展和社会的进步,市场竞争日益激烈,信用交易已成为企业获取市场竞争力的必要手段和经营方式。简要阐述了企业信用管理体系的重要性,分析了目前企业信用管理的现状,提出建立合理的信用管理体系。完善应收账款管理,提高信用风险管理。     

试论学校图书馆的读者服务工作

从学校图书馆读者服务工作的实践出发,分析了工作中的不足,探讨了学校图书馆紧密配合学校教学科研工作,做好读者服务工作的主要途径。     

Towards a molecular understanding of shape selectivity

Shape selectivity is a simple concept: the transformation of reactants into products depends on how the processed molecules fit the active site of the catalyst. Nature makes abundant use of this concept, in that enzymes usually process only very few molecules, which fit their active sites. Industry has also exploited shape selectivity in zeolite catalysis for almost 50 years, yet our mechanistic understanding remains rather limited. Here we review shape selectivity in zeolite catalysis, and argue that a simple thermodynamic analysis of the molecules adsorbed inside the zeolite pores can explain which products form and guide the identification of zeolite structures that are particularly suitable for desired catalytic applications.     

Nitrogen saturation and net ecosystem production

Magnani et al. found that net carbon (C) sequestration of temperate and boreal forests is clearly driven by nitrogen (N) deposition. From the positive relationship between average net ecosystem production (NEP) and wet N deposition, the authors further conclude that "no signs of N saturation were apparent" in the studied forests and that this is "casting doubts on the risk of widespread ecosystem nitrogen saturation". Nitrogen additions can clearly alter net ecosystem production, but net ecosystem production cannot be used as an indicator of N saturation.