Interception of comet Hyakutake's ion tail at a distance of 500 million kilometres

Remote sensing observations and the direct sampling of material from a few comets have established the characteristic composition of cometary gas. This gas is ionized by solar ultraviolet radiation and the solar wind to form 'pick-up' ions, ions in a low ionization state that retain the same compositional signatures as the original gas. The pick-up ions are carried outward by the solar wind, and they could in principle be detected far from the coma (Sampling of pick-up ions has also been used to study interplanetary dust, Venus' tail and the interstellar medium.) Here we report the serendipitous detection of cometary pick-up ions, most probably associated with the tail of comet Hyakutake, at a distance of 3.4 AU from the nucleus. Previous observations have provided a wealth of physical and chemical information about a small sample of comets, but this detection suggests that remote sampling of comet compositions, and the discovery of otherwise invisible comets, may be possible.     

Seismic hazard in the Marmara Sea region following the 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake

On 17 August 1999, a destructive magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurred 100 km east of Istanbul, near the city of Izmit, on the North Anatolian fault. This 1,600-km-long plate boundary slips at an average rate of 2-3 cm yr(-1), and historically has been the site of many devastating earthquakes. This century alone it has ruptured over 900 km of its length. Models of earthquake-induced stress change combined with active fault maps had been used to forecast that the epicentral area of the 1999 Izmit event was indeed a likely location for the occurrence of a large earthquake. Here we show that the 1999 event itself significantly modifies the stress distribution resulting from previous fault interactions. Our new stress models take into account all events in the region with magnitudes greater than 6 having occurred since 1700 as well as secular interseismic stress change, constrained by GPS data. These models provide a consistent picture of the long term spatio-temporal behaviour of the North Anatolian fault and indicate that two events of magnitude equal to, or greater than, the Izmit earthquake are likely to occur within the next decades beneath the Marmara Sea, south of Istanbul.     

Field trial of an HTS filter system on a CDMA base station

This paper presents the field trial results of a high temperature superconductor filter system (HTSFS) in a code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile communication base station (BTS) in Tangshan, China. The center frequency of the HTSFS is 830 MHz with 1.4% fractional bandwidth. The noise figure (NF) of the HTSFS, including connectors and cables, is 0.8 dB. The field trial results show that after the HTSFS was installed in the receiver front-end of a CDMA base station, the transmitting power of handset was decreased by 3.1 dB on average. Up to now, the HTSFS has been running steadily in the base station for more than 22 months, demonstrating the reliability and stability of the system.     

决策制定和决策支持系统综述

关于决策支特系统(DSS)的含意和作用,在市场上和学术界都缺乏一致意见,这表明DSS作为一个领域还没有完善的定义和建立起模型。此外,要评价DSS产品和服务的作用与价值必须对该领域有个集成观点。这种观点也是认识集成化的后果,以及人工智能(AI)和专家系统(ES)可能的贡献的前提。本文提出了一个统一的和动态的模型,表达决策过程中的知识、信息、决策和行动的关系。把DSS建模看作是效用(目标)结构的逻辑演绎。利用模型的框架修订决策制定的顺序和各个阶段。引入了境况(situation)模型的概念。提出了四类信息:指令、历史、选择的预测值和模式。讨论了现有支持系统和潜在支持系统的作用,以及利用ES和AI方面的发展。     

微机控制逆变器供电拖动系统用高性能脉宽调制器

本文描述一台Inte18086微机控制脉宽调制器(PWM),其数字化电压频率指令系独立地输入接收,而输出产生精确的三相PWM波,能用以拖动晶体管或晶闸管逆变器供电交流拖动系统。在低频区采用增强计算均匀采样[注]技术,而在高频区用基于字识别和模式检索法。组立了一个调制器实验面包板,在6—250HZ频率范围进行了调试,分辨频率为0.0077HZ,在整个范围以1％步长均匀调压至方波,调制器已用于晶体管逆变器和混合计算机仿真感应电动机拖动系统进行充分试验,显示出较目前已有技术在性能上有改进。