变更图的边添加

证明了:对任何整数t≥6和d≥2,从一条长为d的简单路通过添加t条边后得到的图的最小直径上界为[d-2/t 1] 2,如果d∈J'(t,k)={2k(t 1) 1,2k(t 1) 2,2k(t 1)-t 1}∪{2k(t 1)-t h:h=6,7,…,t};其他情形为[d-2/t 1] 1.这个证明改进了已知结果,而且[d-2/t 1] 1是最好的上界.     

The fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces: The origin of extractable materials of high molecular mass in blast furnace carryover dusts

The aim of the work was to investigate the fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces and the origin of extractable materials in blast furnace carryover dusts. Two sets of samples including injectant coal and the corresponding carryover dusts from a full sized blast furnace and a pilot scale rig have been examined. The samples were extracted using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent and the extracts studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The blast furnace carryover dust extracts contained high molecular weight carbonaceous material, of apparent mass corresponding to 10⁷?10⁸ u, by polystyrene calibration. In contrast, the feed coke and char prepared in a wire mesh reactor under high temperature conditions did not give any extractable material. Meanwhile, controlled combustion experiments in a high-pressure wire mesh reactor suggest that the extent of combustion of injectant coal in the blast furnace tuyeres and raceways is limited by time of exposure and very low oxygen concentration. It is thus likely that the extractable, soot-like material in the blast furnace dust originated in tars is released by the injectant coal. Our results suggest that the unburned tars were thermally altered during the upward path within the furnace, giving rise to the formation of heavy molecular weight (soot-like) materials.     

Temperature variations on the Tibetan Plateau over the last two millennia

The paleoclimate data recovered from ice cores,tree rings and lake sediments indicate regional features of cfimatic change on the Tibeta n Plateau (TP) during the last 2000 years. The composite temperature reconstructions in-dicate that several main climatic episodes, such as the “LittleIce Age“ between 1400 and 1900, the “Medieval Warm Pe-riod“ in 1150-1400, a less warm period in 800-1100, and an earlier cold period between the 3rd and 5th centuries,occurred in the TP. In addition, temperature varied from region to region. The period from AD 800 to 1100, which waswarm in northeastern TP, was contemporaneous with cool-ing in the western and southern TP. The southern TP ex-perienced warming between 1150 and 1400. For western TP,the δ^18O records of the Guliya ice core indicate that the pe-Hod 1250-1500 witnessed a clear warming. Large-scaletrends in the temperature history from northeastern TP aremore similar to those in eastern China than are the trendsfrom the Guliya ice cap far to the west and southern TP. The most prominent similarities between the temperature varia-tions of the TP and eastern China are such cold phases as 1100-1150, 1500-1550, 1650-1700 and 1800-1850, andthe latter three cold events match with three widespreadg lacial advances which occurred on the TP during the Little Ice A2e.     

黑麦秸秆对土壤中无机氮转化和N_2O、CO_2释放的影响

在欧美国家,黑麦秸秆经常作为有机肥或农业废弃物而归还到农田中。本研究通过培养试验探讨了添加黑麦秸秆对土壤中无机氮的形态转化和N_2O、CO_2释放的影响。研究结果表明,黑麦秸秆的添加量及培养时间对土壤中N_2O、和CO_2释放量、N_2O/CO_2比值和无机氮形态转化均有明显影响。添加的黑麦秸秆越多,培养2周后土壤中的NH_4-N越多,释放的N_2O则越少。N_2O/CO_2比值与黑麦秸秆添加量呈极显著的负相关,与培养时间(T)的函数关系(达到极显著的负相关)则呈对数形式:(N_2O/CO_2)=a b·lnT。     

近0.5 ka来中国北方干旱半干旱地区的降水变化分析

从IGBP集成研究的思想出发, 采用冰芯、树轮、历史文献和湖泊沉积等多种气候代用资料, 重建了近0.5 ka来中国干旱区西部和东部, 以及整个干旱区分辨率为10年的降水变化序列. 在此基础上与1470年以来半干旱区西部和东部代用降水序列进行了比较. 结果表明, 近0.5 ka来各区域降水曲线均存在5次气候干旱期, 每个干旱期持续50年左右, 同时降水表现出区域差异性. 近0.5 ka来干旱区东部与半干旱区西部、半干旱区东部的降水呈现出基本一致的变化趋势, 而干旱区西部的降水变化比较独特, 呈现出显著的局地性降水特征. 最大熵谱和奇异谱分析结果表明每个区域降水序列, 包括干旱区西部、东部, 整个干旱区、半干旱区西部和东部, 以及中国北方区域降水序列, 均存在百年尺度约120年左右的周期.     

各向异性的气体-颗粒介质内的二通量辐射传热模型

二通量模型是计算气体-颗粒平板内辐射热通量的简化方法. 在最初的二通量模型中, 辐射场被假设成在半球方向的各向同性. 但是对于燃烧领域的气体-颗粒混合介质, 颗粒的散射通常都是各向异性的, 这样, 原有的二通量模型就会由于忽略各向异性而产生严重的误差. 文中一个多层四通量模型被运用到包含气体-颗粒混合物的辐射热通量的计算. 给出了模型的解析求解过程, 定义了等价的平均交叉系数h和前向散射率z来描述整个平板散射的各向异性. 为了验证模型的准确性, 计算了一个无限大平板内的辐射传递过程, 并与解析结果进行了比较. 结果表明提出的模型能够得到准确的结果, 对原有的二通量模型具有较好的改进作用. 运用本模型计算含有飞灰/CO₂/H₂O的燃烧产物的辐射传递, 所得到的平板发射率与Goodwin的经典结果相吻合.     

Mechanical response to axial strain in WS2 nanotubes

In order to take advantage of inorganic nanotubes for their use with pragmatic purposes, characterization of their mechanical properties becomes a relevant issue. In the present study, a series of results on the mechanical properties of WS₂ nanotubes of several diameters and two main lattice orientations was obtained by the implementation of molecular dynamics simulations using an interatomic potential of the Stillinger-Weber kind. A Young’s modulus for nanotubes of H polytype close t...     

实验测得的C2-C6二元羧酸溶液的冻结温度:冰核核化过程中的重要指标

由于大气气溶胶影响着地球辐射总量的平衡与能量的估算, 有机化合物作为气溶胶和云凝结核(cloud condensation nuclei, CCN)的重要组成成分, 其重要性已经越来越引起科学家们的重视. 而低分子量二元羧酸(low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids, LMWDCA)作为大气(包括云和雾)中气溶胶的重要成分,其在大气中的传输与转化过程中的作用尤其是对冰核(ice nuclei, IN)核化过程的影响已经成为当前的一个重要的前沿科学研究领域. 本研究利用麦吉尔大学的冻结核记数仪分别测量了不同pH的水溶液(超纯净水与自来水)中单纯态的与混合态的低分子量二元羧酸(C2-C6)液滴的冻结温度. 结果显示, 低分子量二元羧酸(C2-C6)自来水溶液的冻结温度明显的高于其相应的超纯净水溶液. 不同混合态的二元羧酸(C2-C6)的纯净水和自来水溶液液滴的平均冻结温度范围分别是: (-24.1±2.8)~(-21.3±3.9)℃和(-10.2±2.2)~(-9.5±2.2)℃, 而所测对照水(超纯净水与自来水)溶液液滴的平均冻结温度则分别是(-22.6±3.5)和(-11.2±2.4)℃. C2-C6二元羧酸的加入对于水溶液液滴的冻结温度增高的促进作用并不显著.     

功能绝缘材料加工工艺对电润湿显示器性能的影响

电润湿显示器是基于氟树脂层（如AF1600）作为疏水绝缘层,通过外加电压来改变液体在其表面润湿性来达到显示效果的装置,为了使光刻胶层和氟树脂层有很好的粘结性能,对氟树脂表面进行离子刻蚀来增大其润湿性. 光刻后需恢复氟树脂疏水性以恢复其电润湿特性. 常用方法是通过高温回流(High Temperature Reflow Method)的方法使刻蚀后的氟树脂表面熔融流平,但高温会造成光刻胶材料黄变,像素格变形等缺陷. 本文通过蒸汽溶解法(Vapor Redissolve Method)代替高温回流法来恢复氟树脂层的疏水性能,使用氟碳溶剂（HFE7100）蒸汽溶解氟树脂层粗糙表面形成溶胶状态,加热蒸发溶剂后使表面恢复疏水性质. 本文针对蒸汽溶解法溶解时间、干燥温度和干燥时间等条件进行探究,并对高温回流法和蒸汽溶解法对电润湿显示器产生的物理和光电影响进行了对比研究.