HIV-1 superinfection despite broad CD8+ T-cell responses containing replication of the primary virus

Early treatment of acute HIV-1 infection followed by treatment interruptions has shown promise for enhancing immune control of infection. A subsequent loss of control, however, allows the correlates of protective immunity to be assessed. Here we show that sudden breakthrough of plasma viraemia occurred after prolonged immune containment in an individual infected with HIV-1 at a time when 25 distinct CD8+ T-cell epitopes in the viral proteins Gag, RT, Integrase, Env, Nef, Vpr, Vif and Rev were being targeted. Sequencing of the virus in plasma and cells showed that superinfection with a second clade-B virus was coincident with the loss of immune control. This sudden increase in viraemia was associated with a decline in half of the CD8+ T-cell responses. The declining CD8+ T-cell responses were coupled with sequence changes relative to the initial virus that resulted in impaired recognition. Our data show that HIV-1 superinfection can occur in the setting of a strong and broadly directed virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response. The lack of cross-protective immunity for closely related HIV-1 strains, despite persistent recognition of multiple CD8 epitopes, has important implications for public health and vaccine development.     

Interaction between poly（amidoamine） dendrimers and DNA studied by spectroscopic methods

The interaction between amino-terminated, and ethylenedtamine core poly（amtdoamine） （PAMAM） dendrimers and herring sperm DNA was investigated by various spectroscopic methods including UV spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, microscopic FTIR- and circular dichroism （CD-） spectroscopy. Ethidium bromide （EB） is used as a nucleic acid probe for this study. Experimental results show that PAMAM dendrimers can form stable complexes with DNA and the dendrimers bind to DNA sufficiently strong which cannot be displaced by EB, and we also found that the formation of the complexes can cause the conformation change of the DNA secondary structure. According to the Scatchard analysis, the association constant of PAMAM to DNA is calculated to be 2.53×10^4 mol/L^-1.     

磁场对超导纳米粒子电子热容的影响

采用随机矩阵理论,考虑能级分离、系统电子总自旋和平均能级间距及转变温度对电子热容的影响,用静态路径近似(SPA)计算了高斯系综中正交系综(GOE)、辛系综(GSE)所对应的电子能级分布下处于弱磁场中超导纳米粒子的电子热容.计算中取了几个典型的温度和电子自旋,并对计算结果做了分析.     

农机装备项目筛选方法探讨及决策预警

将农机装备项目筛选划分为立项评估、性能评估和预警评估,并分析了三类评估之间的关系,提出了农机装备项目筛选的整体评估模型.首先根据筛选目的、评价准则,完成立项评估;再综合利用熵权法和专家组的意见给出指标权重,进而应用TOPSIS法对农机装备项目性能进行评估;并利用集值统计方法分析了指标体系和评价方法所带来的决策风险;最后综合考虑立项评估、性能评估和预警评估的评价结果,给出了最终的决策结果.该方法的分析结果定量、客观,为制定正确、科学的农机装备项目决策提供了重要参考.     

Immune Algorithm for Selecting Optimum Services in Web Services Composition

0 IntroductionInha rveec eenmte yregaerds a,sa t ghreo Iwnitnegrn neut mdbeverel oofps W aetb a S fearsvtic reast e( .W TSshe)Webis nowevolving into a distributed device of computationfroma collection of information resources[1]. But individualWeb services usually cannot satisfy some customers’require-ments ,so we always needtointegrate existingservices to cre-ate newvalue-added composed services .The process model underlying a composite identifies thefunctionalities required by the servic…     

利用复杂网络来研究tRNA序列的进化

根据点突变和互补复制的进化机制构建tRNA序列相似度平行网络和反平行网络并研究了网络的特征．分析发现当相似度很大时，tRNA基因网络出现了无标度（scale—free）的特征．其次，还比较了平行网络和反平行网络的特征，发现在相同的条件下，反平行网络中的tRNA序列间的关系比平行网络中更密切，它们之间的相似程度更高．这同时说明现代tRNA序列由互补复制机制进化的可能性更大．最后根据点突变和互补复制的进化机制建立了一个粗糙的tRNA进化模型．结果发现模型tRNA相似度网络在0．3≤ε≤0．5条件下，不仅和真实tRNA相似度网络有局部的相似行为，而且网络的整体行为也是相似的．因此现代tRNA序列的合理的进化机制应该是上述两种机制的混合．     

铸件残余应力的产生、测试与消除

从介绍铸件残余应力的影响入手,分析了铸件残余应力产生的原因及其消除技术,并重点研究探讨了铸件残余应力的测试方法。     

基于遗传模拟退火法的马斯京根方程参数估计

提出一种用遗传退火算法估计马斯京根方程参数的新方法，在遗传算法中融入模拟退火算法，在每一代群体产生后，对各个个体独立地进行模拟退火过程，以其结果再作为下一代群体的个体，避免了简单遗传算法容易提前收敛的缺陷以及模拟退火法搜索较盲目的缺点，应用实例表明方法简便，直观，可广泛应用于解决多种模型的优化问题，特别在洪水预报方面有很好的应用前景。     

确定最短航程的投影坐标转换模型

在描述计算“最短航程”距离及方位角方法的基础上，提出利用“球心投影”法建立的球面与平面间的坐标转换模型，并且给出了在平面上描述最短航程的轨迹方程。对问题的研究基于球面三角，同时借助了能将空间几何问题确切地表示在平面上的多面正投影方法。     

脉冲激光照射下生物质材料的传热特性

采用快速瞬态温度检测系统测定高能脉冲激光作用下生物质材料的温度动态变化,研究生物质材料瞬态传热特性以及激光脉冲宽度、功率密度、材料厚度与初始含湿量对温度变化规律的影响.根据实验现象,尝试提出脉冲激光作用下生物质材料传热的数学模型,数值模拟分析表明,计算与实验结果基本吻合,能较好地反应脉冲激光作用下生物质材料的传热特性,为进一步深入研究和理论分析积累了有价值的实验资料,提供了可供参考的经验.