Liveness evaluation of multi-living agent system

Multi-living agent system(MLAS) is a new concept in the field of complex system research,which is peculiarly suitable for the design and analysis of a complex information system in a serious confrontation and tight constraint environment.However,the universal method to quantitatively measure the living degree of an MLAS remains uncertain,which is critical to the self-organizing process.Therefore,a novel analytic hierarchy process(AHP) based method with dependent pairwise comparison matrix(PCM) for the evaluation of living degree of the MLAS is proposed,which eliminates the shortcoming of fixed PCM in traditional process.Furthermore,to avoid the annoying procedure of the consistency validation,the PCMs are appropriately reconstructed.Through an illustration of the netted radar system,the calculation detail is explicitly presented.Altogether,the advanced evaluation method successfully accomplishes the preset objective and promotes the development of the MLAS theory and AHP as well.     

Synthesis of Li_4Ti_5O_(12) nanostructural anode materials with high charge–discharge capability

This study demonstrates a facile and efficient hydrothermal method to prepare spindle titanate(Li4Ti5O12 denoted as LTO)and/or carbon-LTO nanocomposites(CLTO),in which the LTO or C-LTO microspheres have diameters of a few micrometers,composed of numerous nanosheets with thickness of*30 nm and edge length of hundreds of nanometers.The morphology and size control of these nanoparticles could be achieved by varying experimental parameters including concentration of titanium butoxide,lithium hydroxide,and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide,as well as reaction temperature and time.These micro-nanostructures were characterized by several advanced techniques,such as transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis,surface area,and electrochemical measurements.The LTO and C-LTO microstructures were examined in the charge–discharge capacity at a rate of 50 C,as well as the stability after 100 cycles at a rate of 10 C.The excellent capability may be attributed to good conductivity,large surface area,and stable assembly structure of such micro-nanostructures,which could be explored as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries.     

The neural mechanisms of vital loss emotions

This paper clarified the definition of vital loss emotions and summarized three contributing constituent elements through the review of previous research on vital loss emotions. Based on the results from relevant clinical, neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies, we further noted the advantages and disadvantages of previous research and discussed the neural network model of vital loss emotions to propose future research directions. Although the research on vital loss emotions has generated significant results, it remains in its initial stages, and many questions are unsolved. Future researchers would be encouraged to study real vital loss, dynamic longitudinal tracking and applied research on human health.     

Controlling PCBM aggregation in P3HT/PCBM film by a selective solvent vapor annealing

A selective solvent vapor, i.e., cyclohexanone or isopropyl benzene, which is a poor solvent for poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and a good solvent for fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), was employed to reduce the size of PCBM aggregates and prolong the formation time of big PCBM aggregates in P3HT/PCBM film. PCBM nucleates and aggregates of 10-20 nm scale form in the first few minutes annealing. Then the size of PCBM aggregates kept unchanged until annealing for 60 min. Finally, larger PCBM aggregates of micron-size formed hours later. On the contrary, the growth rate of PCBM aggregates was faster and their size was larger when treated with a good solvent vapor for both components. The P3HT crystallinity was the same with different types of annealing solvents, although the rate of P3HT self-organization was decreased after a selective solvent vapor annealing. Because of the smaller size of phase separation, the device annealed in a selective solvent vapor for 30 min had a higher PCE than that annealed in a good solvent vapor.     

Effect of TMGa flux on GaN films deposited on Ti coated on glass substrates at low temperature

Highly c-axis-oriented GaN films were deposited on Ti coated glass substrates using low temperature electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced metal organic chemical vapor deposition system(ECR-PEMOCVD)with trimethyl gallium(TMGa)as gallium source.The influence of TMGa flux on the properties of GaN films were systematically investigated by reflection high energy electron diffraction(RHEED),X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),atomic force microscopy(AFM)and Raman scattering.The GaN film with small surface roughness and high c-axis preferred orientation was successfully achieved at the optimized TMGa flux of 1.0 sccm.The ohmic contact characteristic between GaN and Ti layer was clearly demonstrated by the near-linear current-voltage(I-V)curve.The GaN/Ti/glass structure has great potential to dramatically improve the scalability and reduce the cost of solid-state lighting light emitting diodes.     

Permeation of vanadium（Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ）-dipicolinate complexes across MDCK cell monolayer and comparison with Caco-2 cells

The permeation and eytotoxicity of three insulin-mimetic vanadium（Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ）-dipicolinate complexes were studied using the MDCK cell monolayer in comparison with the Caeo-2 cells. On MDCK cell monolayer, the apparent permeation coefficients （Papp） were estimated to be （7.5±1.0）×10^-6, （1.0±0.2）×10^-6, （1.7±0.4）× 10^-6cm/s for V（Ⅴ）, V（Ⅵ）, and V（Ⅲ）-dipie complexes, respectively. The permeability of V（Ⅴ）-dipie complexes is much better than the others, which is in agreement with its better hypoglycemie effect in animal tests. On Caeo-2 cell monolayer, Papp were found to be in the range of 1-3×10^-6 ends and not to be affected by excessive amounts of dipieolinate ligand. By contrast, the permeability in the AP→BL direction across the MDCK monolayer increased greatly in the presence of free ligands, suggesting existence of active transport mechanism of vanadium complex anions on the MDCK cells. The eytotoxieity of the three complexes was found similar and the IC50 were measured in the range of 0.6-0.9 mmol/L for MDCK cells and 1.6--2 mmol/L for Caco-2 cells. The cytotoxicity of three vanadium complexes was conceivably in consistence with their permeability, suggesting that the toxicity, permeation and cellular metabolism of vanadium complexes are closely related.     

基于支持向量机和多层感知器的多病类诊断基因选择方法

超高维基因空间超小样本的基因选择问题是基因芯片技术的挑战性课题之一,对于解决维数发难问题和获得诊断基因具有重要的理论和实际意义.针对DNA微阵列数据的超高维空间和超小样本特性,提出了实现二病类样本有效分类的基于支持向量机(SVM)和leave-one-out的递增基因选择方法,并针对多病类情况的基因选择问题,提出了在区分两两病类所选基因基础上的基于多层感知器(MLP)和leave-one-out/MLP leave-4-out的递减基因选择方法.对于真实MIT数据(7129个基因、两个病类、72个样本)和NCI数据(2308个基因、64个样本、4个病类),用文中方法选择出了11个和6个诊断基因,与传统SNR方法的比较结果表明所选出的这些诊断基因有很好的诊断性能(即推广能力),既可有效诊断相应疾病,同时极大降低芯片和诊断费用,表明了该方法的有效性.     

Non-invasive scanning ion-selective electrode technique and its applications to the research of higher plants

The process of various ions and molecules getting into and out of cells is critical for plant survival. The non-invasive scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) is a non-invasive method to obtain the information of ions/molecules across membranes in plant. This technique can measure the absolute concentration of ions and molecules, and also their fluxes and directions of movement. The samples to be analyzed can be a single cell, a piece of tissue, a whole organ and even an intact seedling. This article reviews the recent progress made in plant physiology by using this technique and discusses its potentials in future studies on plant physiology.     

Morphology and contact mechanics influence adhesive characteristics of Dung Beetle’s bristle and Gecko’s setae

Geckos (Gekko gecko) use their hairy setae to adhere on various solid surfaces and dung beetles (Copris ochus Motschulsky) use their hairy bristles to anti-adhere in sticky environments. We study why two hairy systems express a conflict in functions by using SEM, histological approaches and functional experiments. Adhesion models and various parameters were collected and analyzed. Based on the morphological data and functional experimental results carried out by natural and denatured gecko setae and beetle bristles, we first demonstrated that the stiffness along the hair is 1000 to 30000 times that perpendicular to the hair. This stiffness difference is the key factor leading to the two hairy systems’ functional differences. Slope of gecko setae reduces contact stiffness, increases contact points and real contact area that results in amazing adhesive abilities. On the other hand, stiff bristles in a beetle have higher contact stiffness, which reduces the real contact area and decreases the adhesion between two contact surfaces. Deformation of gecko setae destroys the hierarchical structure, increases the contact stiffness and results in a decrease of adhesion forces. Similarly, deformation of beetle bristles destroys the erect structure of the hair, interconnects the separated bristles and thus decreases the anti-adhesive functions. These observations inspire us in designing anti-adhesive and adhesive biomimetic systems.     

基于MPLS IP VPN机制的拥塞处理分析

简要地分析了目前IP VPN技术存在的弱点，对引入MPLS技术后带来的拥塞进行了分析和研究，给出了解决拥塞的几种可能途径，并进行了相应的评价和讨论。