Sperm viability in the reproductive tract of females in a population of Sceloporus mucronatus exhibiting asynchronous reproduction

Asynchronous reproduction is a common phenomenon in high-elevation populations of lizards from Central México. Sperm storage in the reproductive tract of females is the mechanism for making oocyte fertilization possible. Our study addresses questions related to functional oviductal sperm storage of females mating on different dates throughout the reproductive season. A population of Sceloporus mucronatus with copulation in the summer and ovulation in the fall was chosen for this experiment. Eleven females that copulated in the field during June and 13 females that copulated in captivity during August were maintained in the laboratory until parturition. The number of pregnant females and the litter sizes produced in each experimental group were indicative of the viability of the stored sperm. Sperm stored in the reproductive tract of females were able to fertilize eggs after 4 months. No significant differences were found in the number of pregnant females between the 2 experimental groups nor in the litter sizes that they produced. We found that the amount of time sperm were held in the female reproductive tract (ca. 3 months) had no effect on the capacity of sperm to fertilize eggs. Histological examination of 8 oviducts collected before the mating season eliminated the possibility of sperm storage from one year to the next. In this system, sperm retention could have evolved as a response mechanism to deal with the asynchrony between sexes in the reproductive cycles. However, we cannot rule out alternative hypotheses.     

自调匀整中的最小方差控制研究

在自调匀整方案中,应用以方差最小为性能指标的新的控制方案,对改善匀整效果具有现实意义。本文以此为目的,在已得到对象数学模型的基础上,推导了广义最小方差控制律,求得控制算式,研制了用微机实现控制的硬件和软件系统。现场试验表明:整定得好的新控制方案较之原有PI控制,输出棉条线密度方差确有明显战小。     

三水合硝酸钇与冠醚18C6配合行为的研究

用改进的半微量相平衡方法研究了Y(NO_3)_3·3H_2O-18C6-CH_3OH三元体系在25℃时的溶解度,测定了饱和溶液的折光率。结果指出,在该体系中只生成一种化学计量的配合物,Y(NO_3)_3·18C6·3H_2O·1.5CH_3OH。考查了相平衡过程中水的行为。系统地比较了三水硝酸化与冠醚18C6在不同溶剂中的配合行为。考查了配合物组成与后处理条件的关系。分离中得了组成为Y(NO_3)_3·18C6·3H_2O的固态配合物,通过化学分析、红外光谱分析、DTG、TG及DSC研究了配合物的组成和性质。测得配合物的脱水和快速热分解过程的焓变值,求得了它们的表观活化能。在常量情况下,考查了配合物的热失重情况。     

光子扫描隧道显微镜光纤探针的研制及显微成象研究

探讨了光子扫描隧道显微成象系统中光纤探针对经样品调制后的倏逝场的探测机理；着重研究了光纤探针的腐蚀加工工艺，同时具体分析了单模、多模光纤探针不同的显微成象特点，并与理论数值模拟计算结果相比较；最终应用于多种样品的显微成象，为纳米级分辨的光子扫描隧道显微镜的研制奠定了基础．     

超声波在声导杆—熔体中的传递及热效应

以超声振动在凝固领域的应用为背景，系统分析了超声波在声导杆－熔体系统中的能量传递规律，测试了声导杆的温升，并建立声导杆温升的理论表达式。     

苏门答腊金合欢群落叶蒸腾作用和水分状况的研究

本文对厦门地区苏门答腊金合欢群落叶蒸腾作用和水分状况以及它们与生态因子的关系进行了研究,该群落叶蒸腾强度平均值为 477.9 mg·g~(-1)(FW)·h~(-1)。其蒸腾强度的日变化受土壤含水量和气候因子的综合影响,但在不同时期的影响程度不同。其蒸腾强度的季节变化与土壤和叶片本身的含水量呈正相关,与后者的相关系数是 0.96。该植物叶片束缚水量,束缚水与总水量比值,水势均与气温呈负相关,其数值均高于乡土耐旱树种相思树。     

指数自回归模型的辨识的研究

本文讨论了指数自回归模型的辨识问题，证明了该模型的最小二乘问题的非凸性，并给出其保证凸性的条件，最后运用混合算法，辨识了该模型，并用数值算例加以说明。     

配电变压器的负荷率

本文从分析变压器运行负荷出发,提出了变电单耗概念以及计算变压器最佳负荷系数的方法,给出了确定最佳配电方案的实例。这对企业供电改造以及节电都具有实际意义。