Plant microremains provide direct evidence for the functions of stone knives from the Lajia site,northwestern China

A large number of stone knives have been recovered from Neolithic archaeological sites in East Asia. However, direct evidence regarding the functions of the stone knives has been scarce, and hence, their functions have remained controversial. In this study, we recovered and analysed ancient starch grains and phytoliths from residues adhering to stone knives excavated from the Lajia site, Qinghai Province, northwest China, thus providing direct evidence for the functions of the knives. Our anal- yses were based on the following： （1） an assemblage of 278 identifiable starch grains, representing grains from the stems of foxtail millet （Setaria italica） and broomcorn millet （Panicum miliaceum） （65.1% of the total） and the stems of Hordeum and Triticum species （3.6 % of the total）, and （2） an assemblage of 361 identifiable phytoliths, the majority of which were from the stems and leaves of plants such as Panicoideae and related taxa （96 % of the total）. Our study demonstrates that one of the functions of the stone knives was the harvesting crops. In addition, a few starch grains from food legumes and roots （3.4 % of the total） indicate that the stone knives were also likely used to process, peel and cut some foods.     

Corrosion study of resorbable Ca60Mg15Zn25 bulk metallic glasses in physiological fluids

The corrosion activity of amorphous plates of Ca_(60)Mg_(15)Zn_(25)alloy was investigated.The biocompatible elements were selected for the alloy composition.The electrochemical corrosion and immersion tests were carried out in a multi-electrolyte fluid and Ringer's solution.Better corrosion behavior was observed for the samples tested in a multi-electrolyte fluid despite the active dissolution of Ca and Mg in Ringer's solution.The experimental results indicated that reducing concentration of NaCl from 8.6 g/dm~3for Ringer's solution to 5.75 g/dm~3caused the decrease of the corrosion rate.The volume of the hydrogen evolved after 480 min in Ringer's solution(40.1 ml/cm~2)was higher in comparison with that obtained in a multi-electrolyte fluid(24.4 ml/cm~2).The values of opencircuit potential(E_(OCP))for the Ca_(60)Mg_(15)Zn_(25)glass after 1 h incubation in Ringer's solution and a multielectrolyte fluid were determined to be-1553 and-1536 m V vs.a saturated calomel electrode(SCE).The electrochemical measurements indicated a shift of the corrosion current density(j_(corr))from 1062μA/cm~2for the sample tested in Ringer's solution to 788μA/cm~2for the specimen immersed in a multi-electrolyte fluid.The corrosion products analysis was conducted by using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The corrosion products were identified to be CaCO_3,Mg(OH)_2,CaO,MgO and Zn O.The mechanism of corrosion process was proposed and described based on the microscopic observations.The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)also indicated that Ca(OH)_2,CaCO_3,Zn(OH)_2and Ca(Zn(OH)_3)_2·2H_2O mainly formed on the surface of the studied alloy.     

Influences of synthesis methods and modifier addition on the properties of Ni-based catalysts supported on reticulated ceramic foams

A method of synthesizing Ni-based catalysts supported on α-Al₂O₃-based foams was developed. The foams were impregnated with aqueous solutions of metal chlorides under an air atmosphere using an aerosol route. Separate procedures involved calcination to form oxides and drying to obtain chlorides on the foam surface. The synthesized samples were subsequently reduced with hydrogen. With respect to the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts, the chloride reduction route enabled the formation of a Ni coating without agglomerates or cracks. Further research included catalyst modification by the addition of Pd, Cu, and Fe. The influences of the additives on the degree of reduction and on the low-temperature reduction effectiveness (533 and 633 K) were examined and compared for the catalysts obtained from oxides and chlorides. Greater degrees of reduction were achieved with chlorides, whereas Pd was the most effective modifier among those investigated. The reduction process was nearly complete at 533 K in the sample that contained 0.1wt% Pd. A lower reduction temperature was utilized, and the calcination step was avoided, which may enhance the economical and technological aspects of the developed catalyst production method.     

Prognosis of residual coal gas capacity made by the ‘Express’ method

An easy, reliable, and inexpensive method, called ‘Express’ method, was described to determine the residual gas capacity of deep mines using results from an air and gas balance. Air and gas balances are common elements of mine management and must be performed periodically. Using the process described here to obtain balance results, it is straightforward to obtain the residual gas capacity, which is an important parameter for decision-making in current mine operations. After a mine is closed, the residual gas capacity becomes a dominant factor used to select methods to protect against gas emissions from the closed underground area or perhaps to provide information for the use of gas reserves. The proposed ‘Express’ method is a much simpler method to obtain the residual gas capacity than other procedures used for this purpose to date.     

基于正交试验六韧带手性结构展收几何参数优化

针对目前手性结构采用的传统材料并不具备大变形后自恢复的能力,提出一种在面内具备展收特性的金属材料用于六韧带手性结构.利用有限元分析了节环间距、节环直径、节环高度以及韧带厚度等4个因素对六韧带手性结构收拢和展开后的最大应力的影响.以展开后的最大应力为指标,通过正交试验,分析得到了各个因素的影响程度由主到次依次为节环间距、韧带厚度、节环高度和节环直径,并通过极差分析和方差分析选出了一组最优参数,即节环间距70 mm、韧带厚度0.06 mm、节环高度8 mm、节环直径22 mm,并且通过试验验证了仿真模型的可靠性及本手性结构具备大变形后自恢复的能力.     

数控凸轮轴磨床颤振稳定性研究

在凸轮轴磨床的磨削过程中,颤振现象严重影响凸轮轴表面的磨削质量.为了抑制凸轮轴磨削颤振的产生,基于再生颤振理论和随动磨削的特点,建立了凸轮轴和砂轮再生激励效应的动力学模型,绘制了稳定性极限图,同时研究了凸轮轴磨床的颤振稳定性.通过凸轮轴磨床的颤振实验,利用频域和时频域方法分析了凸轮轴磨床的振动特性.颤振实验结果和稳定性极限图预测结果一致,验证了凸轮轴磨床再生颤振动力学模型的正确性和预测颤振产生与优选加工参数的可行性.     

磨粒变切深划擦陶瓷声发射及其时间序列建模

实验研究了不同切深下单颗金刚石磨粒分别划擦氧化铝和氧化锆陶瓷时的声发射信号的频谱和特征值,并对金刚石磨粒划擦氧化铝和氧化锆陶瓷时的声发射信号建立合适阶次的时间序列自回归滑动平均模型.研究结果表明,随着切深的增大氧化铝的划擦声发射信号在0～110 k Hz主频段的能量增大,并且声发射信号最大幅值在较高频率;随着切深的增加氧化锆划擦声发射信号在0～100 kHz主频段的能量减少,并且声发射信号最大幅值在较低频率;同时划擦声发射信号特征值会随着切深的增大而增加.合适的自回归滑动平均模型与单颗金刚石磨粒分别划擦氧化铝和氧化锆陶瓷时的声发射信号有较高的相似度,其特征参数与单颗磨粒切深之间也具有良好的线性关系,说明合适的自回归滑动平均模型能较好地表征单颗金刚石磨粒划擦氧化铝和氧化锆的声发射信号特征,并可实时分析单颗金刚石磨粒划擦陶瓷的深度.     

一种低功耗高精度电流比较器的设计

针对传统电流比较器功耗高、精度低等问题,提出了一种基于Wilson电流源的CMOS电流比较器电路.它由Wilson电流源、差分放大器和输出增益级3部分组成.由于Wilson电流源具有较好的恒流特性以及较高的输出阻抗,所以该电流比较器具有较高的比较精度和低延迟的传播特性.采用TSMC 0.18 CMOS工艺HSPICE模型参数对该电流比较器的性能进行了模拟,该电路具有较高的比较精度,当参考输入电流为5 nA时,电路正常工作.当输入差分电流为1μA时延迟为2.2 ns,电路的功耗在TT(typical)工艺角下为95μW.结果表明,该CMOS电流比较器具有较大的速度/功耗比,性能受工艺偏差影响较小,适用于高速、低功耗电流模集成电路.     

考虑实际流场的热冲压模具模温分析方法

针对复杂成形件的热冲压模具提出一种考虑流场分布差异影响的模温分析方法.通过Fluent流场分析计算出冷却水道管壁各节点处的对流传热系数,计算过程中考虑了水道结构所导致的流场分布差异对传热能力的影响;利用LS-DYNA完成板料成形及保压淬火过程的仿真模拟,获取板料上的温度数据;以A柱边梁为研究对象将仿真分析结果同热冲压生产线上的实际冷却效果进行对比.结果表明,考虑流场影响的模温分析结果中高温区域的分布和实测一致,12个温度监测点处最大温度误差为3.6℃,平均温度误差为0.96℃,而采用平均传热系数的仿真中温度分布及最大温差点发生改变,监测点最大温度误差为9.1℃,平均温度误差为4.96℃.仿真与试验对比表明:流速的改变对传热系数的影响显著,基于流场分析的模温分析方法考虑了热冲压模具冷却水道中流速差异性分布的影响,能够用于复杂零件及多腔模具的模温分析.     

基于能量法的基桩变形P-Δ效应模拟分析

复杂荷载下基桩受力分析是桩基设计计算重要内容之一.引入能量原理,针对基桩荷载倾斜与偏心的特殊情况,并考虑土体的成层特性,建立了三维基桩-土体系统能量控制微分方程.在此基础上,结合不同边界条件及桩土位移条件,基于有限差分方式得出了倾斜偏心荷载下基桩位移的半解析解答,该解答可充分考虑轴向与横向荷载共同作用对基桩变形的P-Δ放大效应.而后,开展了倾斜偏心荷载下单桩的室内模型加载验证试验.对比结果表明,本文理论解答与试验测试结果吻合较好,较好地模拟了组合荷载下基桩变形P-Δ放大效应.最后,对影响基桩P-Δ放大效应的主要因素进行了分析,结果表明,轴、横向荷载相对大小、桩顶自由段长度、桩身刚度及浅层地基土刚度等都对P-Δ放大效应有较大影响.