《算数之钥》中球形穹顶的测量法

中世纪中亚数学家阿尔·卡西在《算术之钥》中不但给出了5种伊斯兰建筑风格拱形门和球形穹顶的设计方案,而且用初等方法计算了其中拱形部分的表面积和体积,遗憾的是,他没有给出球形穹顶部分的表面积和体积的具体计算过程,只用文字叙述了用初等数学方法来计算其中第四类球形穹顶表面积和体积的基本思路,并直接给出了球形穹顶表面积和体积分别与其直径平方和直径立方之比的近似值.讨论了阿尔·卡西的初等算法,并用微积分方法来验证其算法的正确性,同时指出阿尔·卡西得到的数据与实际数据之间的误差.     

枣大球蚧的监测与预报办法

枣大球蚧是森林生态系统组成的一部分,其发生发展受到众多环境因素的影响,由于枣大球蚧发生发展对林果业的发展影响比较大,因此研究枣大球蚧监测、预报和防治具有重要的意义。该文从林果业对地区经济发展和农民收入影响出发,系统的介绍枣大球蚧的虫情监测、检测结果分析、定级标准、系统虫情调查以及预测预报方法,对促进森林资源的可持续发展和林业生态建设的良性循环,以及维护森林生态环境的稳定都有着十分重要的现实意义。     

浅谈静电除尘技术发展前景分析

我国对于粉尘浓度排放的标准日益走向高要求化,这就为静电除尘技术的发展提出了更大的难题,需要加快对静电除尘技术的研究和发展,增强静电除尘器的使用效果。本文主要讨论了静电除尘技术的发展前景,为促进该技术的发展提供建议。     

干旱灾害及我国西北干旱气候的研究综述

我国西北地区由于深居内陆,海洋上的温暖气流难以到达此处,西北地区的水资源日益短缺,土地荒漠化严重,干旱灾害频发。西北干旱地区是我国生态环境系统最脆弱的地区,加强对西北干旱灾害的研究,在能力技术范围内减轻环境的干旱程度是目前环境保护要重点关注的。本文在对西北干旱问题进行充分了解的基础上,分析西北干旱的成因,并在此基础上提出应对对策。     

A very faint core-collapse supernova in M85

An anomalous transient in the early Hubble-type (S0) galaxy Messier 85 (M85) in the Virgo cluster was discovered by Kulkarni et al. on 7 January 2006 that had very low luminosity (peak absolute R-band magnitude M(R) of about -12) that was constant over more than 80 days, red colour and narrow spectral lines, which seem inconsistent with those observed in any known class of transient events. Kulkarni et al. suggest an exotic stellar merger as the possible origin. An alternative explanation is that the transient in M85 was a type II-plateau supernova of extremely low luminosity, exploding in a lenticular galaxy with residual star-forming activity. This intriguing transient might be the faintest supernova that has ever been discovered.     

Bypassing genomic imprinting allows seed development

In developing progeny of mammals the two parental genomes are differentially expressed according to imprinting marks, and embryos with only a uniparental genetic contribution die. Gene expression that is dependent on the parent of origin has also been observed in the offspring of flowering plants, and mutations in the imprinting machinery lead to embryonic lethality, primarily affecting the development of the endosperm-a structure in the seed that nourishes the embryo, analogous to the function of the mammalian placenta. Here we have generated Arabidopsis thaliana seeds in which the endosperm is of uniparental, that is, maternal, origin. We demonstrate that imprinting in developing seeds can be bypassed and viable albeit smaller seedlings can develop from seeds lacking a paternal contribution to the endosperm. Bypassing is only possible if the mother is mutant for any of the FIS-class genes, which encode Polycomb group chromatin-modifying factors. Thus, these data provide functional evidence that the action of the FIS complex balances the contribution of the paternal genome. As flowering plants have evolved a special reproduction system with a parallel fusion of two female with two male gametes, our findings support the hypothesis that only with the evolution of double fertilization did the action of the FIS genes become a requirement for seed development. Furthermore, our data argue for a gametophytic origin of endosperm in flowering plants, thereby supporting a hypothesis raised in 1900 by Eduard Strasburger.