Legal Psychology Psychology for the Lawyer

这两本书是法律心理学。应用心理学之中,例如教育心理学(Educational Psychology);商业心理学(Business Psychology),在英美早已成为常用的专门名词。法律心理学,这个名称近年来在英文杂志里边虽已惯用,而专书仍属罕见-就我所知除Bose’s Introduction to Juristic Psychology, 1917及Brown’s LegalPsychology,1826两书以外,就有这两本专著。教育心理学,商业心理学。这些名称在中文里边近年来虽已沿用;而法律心理学却尚未经见。至於这门学问,在我们中国不但研究法律的人向不留心,恐怕研究心理学的人亦很少注意。 第一本书的著作者Burt…     

评介《〈创世纪〉与地质学》

《创世纪》与地质学　 [美 ] C.C.吉利思俾著　杨静一译南昌 :江西教育出版社　 1 999年 1 0月　第 1版　 34 0页《〈创世纪〉与地质学》一书于 1 951年出版。它原是该书作者 C.C.吉利思俾在普林斯顿大学攻读博士时的博士论文。我是 1 959年读到这本书的 ,那时我 2 3岁。这是我当时读过的第二本科学史书籍。在剑桥 ,我学习了许多学科 ,也学习了地质学。但是 ,我们的学习从来与科学的历史无关。为什么人要对科学的过去感兴趣 ?我接受的训练是要将我的注意力放在努力理解现代科学上 ,或许多少有助于关注科学的未来。对我来说以及对许多科学…     

Maize HapMap2 identifies extant variation from a genome in flux

Whereas breeders have exploited diversity in maize for yield improvements, there has been limited progress in using beneficial alleles in undomesticated varieties. Characterizing standing variation in this complex genome has been challenging, with only a small fraction of it described to date. Using a population genetics scoring model, we identified 55 million SNPs in 103 lines across pre-domestication and domesticated Zea mays varieties, including a representative from the sister genus Tripsacum. We find that structural variations are pervasive in the Z. mays genome and are enriched at loci associated with important traits. By investigating the drivers of genome size variation, we find that the larger Tripsacum genome can be explained by transposable element abundance rather than an allopolyploid origin. In contrast, intraspecies genome size variation seems to be controlled by chromosomal knob content. There is tremendous overlap in key gene content in maize and Tripsacum, suggesting that adaptations from Tripsacum (for example, perennialism and frost and drought tolerance) can likely be integrated into maize.     

Ramp initiation in a thrust wedge

Collisional mountain belts are characterized by fold and thrust belts that grow through sequential stacking of thrust sheets from the interior (hinterland) to the exterior (foreland) of the mountain belt. Each of these sheets rides on a fault that cuts up through the stratigraphic section on inclined ramps that join a flat basal fault at depth. Although this stair-step or ramp-flat geometry is well known, there is no consensus on why a particular ramp forms where it does. Perturbations in fault shape, stratigraphy, fluid pressure, folding, and surface slope have all been suggested as possible mechanisms. Here we show that such pre-existing inhomogeneities, though feasible causes, are not required. Our computer simulations show that a broad foreland-dipping plastic strain band forms at the surface near the topographic inflection produced by the previous ramp. This strain band then migrates towards the rigid base, where the plastic strain is preferentially concentrated in a thrust ramp. Subsequent ramps develop toward the foreland in a similar fashion. Syntectonic erosion and deposition may strongly control the location of thrust ramps by enhancing or removing the surface point of initiation.     

嗜盐菌的研究新进展

嗜盐菌作为一种新型微生物资源,已经在很多方面得到应用.如：为微生物生理、分类,系统发育学和生命科学研究提供新的课题,因此,嗜盐菌已引起人们的广泛关注.文章主要讨论了嗜盐菌的嗜盐机理和应用方面的研究新进展.     

TRPV3 is a calcium-permeable temperature-sensitive cation channel

Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are cation-selective channels that function in processes as diverse as sensation and vasoregulation. Mammalian TRP channels that are gated by heat and capsaicin (>43 degrees C; TRPV1 (ref. 1)), noxious heat (>52 degrees C; TRPV2 (ref. 2)), and cooling (< 22 degrees C; TRPM8 (refs 3, 4)) have been cloned; however, little is known about the molecular determinants of temperature sensing in the range between approximately 22 degrees C and 40 degrees C. Here we have identified a member of the vanilloid channel family, human TRPV3 (hTRPV3) that is expressed in skin, tongue, dorsal root ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, spinal cord and brain. Increasing temperature from 22 degrees C to 40 degrees C in mammalian cells transfected with hTRPV3 elevated intracellular calcium by activating a nonselective cationic conductance. As in published recordings from sensory neurons, the current was steeply dependent on temperature, sensitized with repeated heating, and displayed a marked hysteresis on heating and cooling. On the basis of these properties, we propose that hTRPV3 is thermosensitive in the physiological range of temperatures between TRPM8 and TRPV1.     

新疆多花蔷薇根中熊果酸的提取及分离纯化工艺研究

通过超声-微波辅助法提取了多花蔷薇根中的熊果酸,并对其进行分离、纯化,确定了最优提取及分离纯化条件.采用响应面法优化熊果酸的提取工艺,经脱脂、脱色、酸碱沉淀、凝胶柱层析等方法得到了分离纯化熊果酸的最佳条件,用紫外光谱(UV),红外光谱(IR),核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR),核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)对产品进行鉴定.结果表明:在超声功率50 W,微波功率310 W,提取时间2.4 min,液固比20:1 mL/g,微波浸提时间15 min,浸提温度55℃的提取条件下,熊果酸的得率可达2.64%.当石油醚用量为提取液体积的0.2倍,脱脂2次,活性炭用量0.04 g/mL,脱色3次,碱沉淀p H值为12,酸沉淀p H值为4,熊果酸粗品用葡聚糖凝胶LH-20分离洗脱2次时,重结晶后的熊果酸纯度在97%以上,达到较好的分离效果.