毅力号之眼

着陆过程的恐怖七分钟结束了.降落伞成功打开,空中吊车的反推火箭成功点火,火星车发出"砰"的落地声!毅力号这台由人类制造的火星车要在距离地球十分遥远的红色星球上进行科学研究,此刻它的车轮终于接触到火星表面. 昵称为"珀西"的毅力号现在睁开了它许多只眼睛,环顾四周.毅力号火星车上拥有很多摄像头,着陆器抛背罩上有3个摄像头,...     

跨越女性独立执行空间任务的门槛

<正>克里斯蒂娜·科赫重返地球,她完成了三次无男性参与的太空行走,也创造了在太空中停留的时间记录,但你应该知道的远不止这些。不查谷歌和维基的话,你能说出多少宇航员的名字?说出尼尔·阿姆斯特朗和巴兹·奥尔德林的名字并不难。他们是首次登上月球的那两个宇航员。你应该也很可能还记得为他俩驾驶指令舱的宇航员迈克尔·柯林斯。不过,因为他并非是第一批在月球上行走的宇航员,所以你对他的名字可能没有那么熟悉。     

恐龙刺客

地铁车厢里很闷热.我的霸王龙身躯比其他每个人都来得大,这成了个问题.拥有一种与众不同的体色也有益处,因为大多数人都缩起身子避开我.这就是我成为一头缩小版霸王龙的原因.它帮助我免受大家的注意,因为乘客们纷纷移开了视线.     

可对角化矩阵特征值分解扰动问题的快速求解方法

针对特征值扰动计算的传统方法收敛速度慢的问题,提出了一种求解特征值扰动问题的快速迭代算法.首先,通过矩阵变换将初始矩阵的特征值扰动问题转化为对角矩阵的特征值扰动问题.然后,提出了一种快速迭代算法求解扰动参数,同时对算法的收敛性进行分析,并将其与基于摄动级数展开法导出的方法进行对比. 再次,采用逐一求解特征值并进行矩阵降阶的策略,有效降低运算量.最后,通过2个算例分别展示算法的计算过程及其在结构模态参数追踪方面的应用效果.     

Synthesis and characterization of cerium sulfide thin film

Cerium sulfide(Cex Sy)polycrystalline thin film is coated with chemical bath deposition on substrates(commercial glass).Transmittance,absorption,optical band gap and refractive index are examined by using UV/VIS.Spectrum.The hexagonal form is observed in the structural properties in XRD.The structural and optical properties of cerium sulfide thin films are analyzed at different p H.SEM and EDX analyses are made for surface analysis and elemental ratio in films.It is observed that some properties of films changed with different p H values.In this study,the focus is on the observed changes in the properties of films.The p H values were scanned at 6–10.The optical band gap changed with p H between 3.40 to 3.60 e V.In addition,the film thickness changed with p H at 411 nm to 880 nm.     

中间相沥青基泡沫炭发泡过程及其动力学研究

以AR中间相沥青为原料,结合TG、黏度分析、MS及IR等表征方法研究了中间相沥青基泡沫炭的发泡过程及其动力学特征.结果表明:中间相沥青在发泡过程中主要发生脂肪碳链的热解反应并释放出H2、CH4、H2O和CO等气体,导致熔融沥青中的分子组成产生变化,进而引起其黏度变化.在此基础上采用TG分析模拟不同升温速率及发泡温度下中间相沥青的失重过程,并通过拟合中间相沥青恒温阶段的TG曲线,发现中间相沥青的恒温失重率Δw与发泡时间tb成较好的线性关系,结合Arrhenius方程计算得到不同升温速率下恒温发泡过程的动力学参数.此研究工作对于中间相沥青基泡沫炭的可控制备具有较好的理论指导作用.     

A molecular cryptography model based on structures of DNA self-assembly

With the progress of DNA computing, DNA- based cryptography becomes an emerging interdisciplinary research field. In this paper, we present a novel DNA cryptography that takes advantage of DNA self assembled structure. Making use of the toehold strands recognition and strand displacement, the bit-wise exclusive-or （XOR） operation is carried out to fulfill the information encryption and decryption in the form of a one-time-pad. The security of this system mainly comes from the physical isolation and specificity of DNA molecules. The system is con- structed by using complex DNA self-assembly, in which technique of fluorescent detection is utilized to implement the signal processing. In the proposed DNA cryptography, the XOR operation at each bit is carried out individually, thus the encryption and decryption process could be con- ducted in a massive, parallel way. This work may dem- onstrate that DNA cryptography has the great potential applications in the field of inRwmation security.     

Plant microremains provide direct evidence for the functions of stone knives from the Lajia site,northwestern China

A large number of stone knives have been recovered from Neolithic archaeological sites in East Asia. However, direct evidence regarding the functions of the stone knives has been scarce, and hence, their functions have remained controversial. In this study, we recovered and analysed ancient starch grains and phytoliths from residues adhering to stone knives excavated from the Lajia site, Qinghai Province, northwest China, thus providing direct evidence for the functions of the knives. Our anal- yses were based on the following： （1） an assemblage of 278 identifiable starch grains, representing grains from the stems of foxtail millet （Setaria italica） and broomcorn millet （Panicum miliaceum） （65.1% of the total） and the stems of Hordeum and Triticum species （3.6 % of the total）, and （2） an assemblage of 361 identifiable phytoliths, the majority of which were from the stems and leaves of plants such as Panicoideae and related taxa （96 % of the total）. Our study demonstrates that one of the functions of the stone knives was the harvesting crops. In addition, a few starch grains from food legumes and roots （3.4 % of the total） indicate that the stone knives were also likely used to process, peel and cut some foods.     

Corrosion study of resorbable Ca60Mg15Zn25 bulk metallic glasses in physiological fluids

The corrosion activity of amorphous plates of Ca_(60)Mg_(15)Zn_(25)alloy was investigated.The biocompatible elements were selected for the alloy composition.The electrochemical corrosion and immersion tests were carried out in a multi-electrolyte fluid and Ringer's solution.Better corrosion behavior was observed for the samples tested in a multi-electrolyte fluid despite the active dissolution of Ca and Mg in Ringer's solution.The experimental results indicated that reducing concentration of NaCl from 8.6 g/dm~3for Ringer's solution to 5.75 g/dm~3caused the decrease of the corrosion rate.The volume of the hydrogen evolved after 480 min in Ringer's solution(40.1 ml/cm~2)was higher in comparison with that obtained in a multi-electrolyte fluid(24.4 ml/cm~2).The values of opencircuit potential(E_(OCP))for the Ca_(60)Mg_(15)Zn_(25)glass after 1 h incubation in Ringer's solution and a multielectrolyte fluid were determined to be-1553 and-1536 m V vs.a saturated calomel electrode(SCE).The electrochemical measurements indicated a shift of the corrosion current density(j_(corr))from 1062μA/cm~2for the sample tested in Ringer's solution to 788μA/cm~2for the specimen immersed in a multi-electrolyte fluid.The corrosion products analysis was conducted by using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The corrosion products were identified to be CaCO_3,Mg(OH)_2,CaO,MgO and Zn O.The mechanism of corrosion process was proposed and described based on the microscopic observations.The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)also indicated that Ca(OH)_2,CaCO_3,Zn(OH)_2and Ca(Zn(OH)_3)_2·2H_2O mainly formed on the surface of the studied alloy.     

Influences of synthesis methods and modifier addition on the properties of Ni-based catalysts supported on reticulated ceramic foams

A method of synthesizing Ni-based catalysts supported on α-Al₂O₃-based foams was developed. The foams were impregnated with aqueous solutions of metal chlorides under an air atmosphere using an aerosol route. Separate procedures involved calcination to form oxides and drying to obtain chlorides on the foam surface. The synthesized samples were subsequently reduced with hydrogen. With respect to the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts, the chloride reduction route enabled the formation of a Ni coating without agglomerates or cracks. Further research included catalyst modification by the addition of Pd, Cu, and Fe. The influences of the additives on the degree of reduction and on the low-temperature reduction effectiveness (533 and 633 K) were examined and compared for the catalysts obtained from oxides and chlorides. Greater degrees of reduction were achieved with chlorides, whereas Pd was the most effective modifier among those investigated. The reduction process was nearly complete at 533 K in the sample that contained 0.1wt% Pd. A lower reduction temperature was utilized, and the calcination step was avoided, which may enhance the economical and technological aspects of the developed catalyst production method.