一种基于聚类的粗糙集连续属性的离散化算法

粗糙集理论是一种新的处理不精确、不完全与不相容知识的数学工具。粗糙集理论只能对离散属性进行处理，而不能处理连续属性。中针对这一缺陷，利用连续数值属性有序性的性质和统计方差理论，提出了一种基于聚类的连续属性离散化算法。运用典型数据将本算法与现有方法进行了比较分析，得到了满意的结果。     

An oscillatory neural network and dynamical associative memory

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Fluid inclusions evidence for differential exhumation of ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks in the Sulu terrane

Since the discovery of coesite and diamond inclusions in eclogites from the Dabie-Sulu orogen, east-central China[1―3], this largest ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamor- phic terrane in the world has attracted extensive scientific interests. A number of hydrous minerals such as zoisite, phengite, magnesite and talc have been found in the UHP rocks, showing that fluids have played an important role in this type of extreme metamorphic evolution[4―8]. Sev-eral techniques have been applied to th…     

Experimental and numerical study on plasma nitriding of AISI P20 mold steel

In this study, plasma nitriding was used to fabricate a hard protective layer on AISI P20 steel, at three process temperatures (450°C, 500°C, and 550°C) and over a range of time periods (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 h), and at a fixed gas N₂:H₂ ratio of 75vol%:25vol%. The morphology of samples was studied using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the formed phase of each sample was determined by X-ray diffraction. The elemental depth profile was measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, wavelength dispersive spectroscopy, and glow dispersive spectroscopy. The hardness profile of the samples was identified, and the microhardness profile from the surface to the sample center was recorded. The results show that ε-nitride is the dominant species after carrying out plasma nitriding in all strategies and that the plasma nitriding process improves the hardness up to more than three times. It is found that as the time and temperature of the process increase, the hardness and hardness depth of the diffusion zone considerably increase. Furthermore, artificial neural networks were used to predict the effects of operational parameters on the mechanical properties of plastic mold steel. The plasma temperature, running time of imposition, and target distance to the sample surface were all used as network inputs; Vickers hardness measurements were given as the output of the model. The model accurately reproduced the experimental outcomes under different operational conditions; therefore, it can be used in the effective simulation of the plasma nitriding process in AISI P20 steel.     

Optimization of wear parameters of binary Al-25Zn and Al-3Cu alloys using design of experiments

Zinc-aluminum alloys have been used as bearing materials in the past. In recent years, binary Al-Zn alloys and Al-Zn-Cu alloys are being used as an alternative to the Zn-Al alloys for bearing applications. In this study, both binary Al-25Zn and Al-3Cu were prepared using stir casting process. Homogenization of the as-cast alloys was performed at 350℃ for 8 h and then, the alloys were furnace-cooled to 50℃. The homogenization led to the removal of the dendritic structure of the as-cast alloys. After homogenization, wear parameters optimization was carried out using Taguchi technique. For this purpose, L₉ orthogonal array was selected, and the control parameters selected are load, velocity, and sliding distance. The optimum parametric condition was obtained using signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis, and specific wear rate (SWR) is the selected response. The "smaller-the-better" is the goal of the experiment for S/N ratio analysis. After the optimization, confirmation tests were carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) from the developed regression equation. Finally, wear mechanism studies were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) images.     

急进与经常出入高原公路驾驶员生理特性变化试验分析

为了解急进与经常出入高原公路驾驶员生理特性变化规律,寻找提高行车安全的途径,利用生物反馈仪对急进与经常出入高原驾驶员进行实地行车试验。在理论的基础上,定量分析两类驾驶员心电、脑电、肌电指标随驾驶时间、海拔的变化规律,并且建立关系模型。分析结果表明:驾驶员心率增长率与脑电指标R会随着驾驶时间的增长、海拔的升高而逐渐增加;驾驶员肌电指标平均功率频率(MPF)会随着驾驶时间的增长、海拔的升高而逐渐减小;急进高原驾驶员的心率增长率与脑电指标R的增长速度要快于本地驾驶员,而肌电指标平均功率频率(MPF)的下降速度要快于本地驾驶员,表明高原本地驾驶员行车过程中的生理素质要优于急进高原驾驶员。     

Analysis of the formation conditions and characteristics of interphase and random vanadium precipitation in a low-carbon steel during isothermal heat treatment

The characteristics of nanosized precipitates in steels depend on the heat-treatment parameters. The effects of characteristics of vanadium precipitates formed during isothermal heat treatment on the hardness of the ferrite matrix in low-carbon vanadium-alloyed steel were investigated through analysis of transmission electron microscopy images and microhardness measurements. The results show that, during isothermal holding in the temperature range from 675 to 750℃, only interphase precipitation occurs, whereas only random precipitation occurs in the ferrite matrix during holding at 600℃. Furthermore, during isothermal heat treatment between 600 and 675℃, both random and interphase precipitates occurred in the ferrite. Nanoscale vanadium carbides with different atomic ratios of vanadium (V) and carbon (C) were the dominant precipitates in the random and interphase precipitates. The sizes of random precipitation carbides were smaller than those of interphase ones. Also, the sample isothermally heat treated at 650℃ for 900 s exhibited a higher hardness with a narrower hardness distribution.     

Early Cambrian protoconodonts and conodont-like fossils from China: Taxonomic revisions and stratigraphic implications

Tooth likephosphaticprotoconodontsand“con odont likefossils”arecharacteristiccomponentsoftheEarlyCambriansmallshellyfossils (SSF )withaworldwidedistribution .Theyarerepresentedexclu sivelybyisolatedscleritesandareoften presentinaceticacid etchedresiduesfromLowerCambriancar bonates .SincethefirstreportofProtohertzinaMis sarzhevsky 1973fromthebasalCambrianoftheYangtzePlatformin 1977[1] ,andalongwithenthusi asticresearchactivitiesonthesmallshellyfossilsandcandidatesectionsforaglobalPrecamb…     

Nanostructured TiO2（B）:the effect of size and shape on anode properties for Li-ion batteries

Reducing the dimensions of electrode materials from the micron to the nanoscale can have a profound influence on their properties and hence on the performance of electrochemical devices,e.g.Li-ion batteries,that employ such electrodes.TiO2(B) has received growing interest as a possible anode for Li-ion batteries in recent years.It offers the possibility of higher energy storage compared with the commercialized Li4Ti5O12.Bulk,nanowire,nanotube,and nanoparticle morphologies have been prepared and studied.However,to date these materials have not be compared in one article.In the current review we first summarize the different synthesis methods for the preparation of nanostructured TiO2(B);then present the effects of size and shape on the electrochemical properties.Finally TiO2(B) with nanometer dimensions exhibit a higher capacity to store Li,regardless of rate,due to structural distortions inherent at the nanoscale.     

Proposed Methodology for Generation of Building Information Model with Laserscanning

For refurbishment and state review of an existing old building, a new model reflecting the current state is often required especially when the original plans are no longer accessible. Laser scanners are used more and more as surveying instruments for various applications because of their high-precision scanning abilities. For buildings, the most notable and widely accepted product data model is the IFC product data model. It is designed to cover the whole lifecycle and supported by various software vendors and enables applications to efficiently share and exchange project information. The models obtained with the laser scanner, normally sets of points ("point cloud"), have to be transferred to an IFC compatible building information model to serve the needs of different planning states. This paper presents an approach designed by the German Research Center in Karlsruhe (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe) to create an IFC compatible building information model from laser range images. The methodology through the entire process from data acquisition to the IFC compatible product model was proposed in this paper. In addition, IFC-Models with different level of detail (LoDs) were introduced and discussed within the work.