Multiple constraints-based QoS multicast routing: model and algorithms

1.INTRODUCTION Multicastserviceshavebeenusedbyvariouscontinu ousmediaapplications.Forexample,themulticast backbone(Mbone)oftheInternethasbeenusedto transportrealtimeaudio/videofornews,entertain ment,videoconferencing,anddistancelearning.The provisionofQoSguaranteesisofutmostimportance forthedevelopmentofthemulticastservices.Multi castroutinghascontinuedtobeaveryimportantre searchissueintheareasofnetworksanddistributed systems[1～4].Itattractstheinterestsofmanypeo ple. Afrequently…     

Application of Grey Associative Analysis to the Assessment of Regional Water Security

The assessment of water security is an important content in the security management of water resources due to the fact that the state of water security directly affects both the sustainable development of regional economy and the improvement on the living quality of mankind. Grey associative analysis is introduced and applied to assessment of water security on the basis of grey characteristics of the assessment index system of water security. As a case study shows, grey associative analysis is used for evaluating water security of some provinces in China, and the satisfactory assessment results are obtained. The sequence of provinces in China with regard to water security from good to poor is obtained and, moreover, the water security level of each region is also confirmed. The results obtained accord with the actual state of each region. They are of practical significance and can be used to guide the management of regional water security and a sustainable development of the economy therein. At the same time, the results demonstrate that grey associative analysis provides a new method for assessing water security     

The Role of Context in Utterance Interpretation

This paper discusses the function of context in utterance interpretation.In speech communication,context plays a very important role in expressing utterance meaning appropriately and understanding that precisely.Context can be classified into three kinds,which is context of utterance,context of situation,and context of culture.Each has its own function in interpreting utterance.On one hand,the understanding of utterance-meaning relies a lot on the context,without which the utterance meaning cannot be fully interpreted.On the other hand,context gives some restrictions to the choice of utterance in a certain communication.Moreover,all the ambiguities of utterance can be cleared up through the context.     

Estimation to the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and bottom shear stress in the tidal bottom boundary layer of the Yellow Sea

High frequency velocity fluctuations were measured by using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) in the tidal bottom boundary layer (BBL) of the Yellow Sea (YS) for 25 h. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and the bottom shear stress were estimated and analyzed. Results show that: (1) in the tidal BBL of the YS, the variations of the dissipation rate and the bottom shear stress during 25 hare (1.8×10-8-3.4×10 -5) W·kg-1 and (6.6×10-4-7.5×10-1) N·m - 2 respectively, indicating that there are strong dissipations in the tidal BBL of the YS; (2) in the well-mixed tidal BBL, the turbulence is mainly shear-induced locally and the production and dissipation are generally in equilibrium; (3) for the seas where the semidiurnal tidal current is dominant, both the dissipation rate and the bottom shear stress exhibit a strong quarter-diurnal variation; (4) the mean bottom drag coefficient Cd (0.45) is 0.0017 (corresponding Cd( 1.00) = 0.0015), but it has significant variations (0.0005-0.0082). The mean bottom roughness length is 2.8×10-5 m.     

A regularization method in the electromagnetic inverse scattering problem

Based on the normalization of measurement data equations of the inverse scattering problem, a new regularization matrix is proposed. It can eliminate the unfavorable effects caused by difference of distances between field-point or source-point and target region, reduce the loss of useful information in regularization procedure, and decrease condition numbers of the ill-posed problems. Inversion for conductivity distribution of two-dimensional axisymmetric inhomogeneous media is carried out by combing this new regularization method with distorted Born iterative method. Simulation results show that compared with the conventional method, the new regularization method is of better stability, quicker convergence, higher accuracy of inversion and higher resolution.     

Dynamic spreading behavior of homogeneous and heterogeneous networks

The detailed investigation of the dynamic epidemic spreading on homogeneous and heterogeneous networks was carried out. After the analysis of the basic epidemic models, the susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model on homogenous and heterogeneous networks is established, and the dynamical evolution of the density of the infected individuals in these two different kinds of networks is analyzed theoretically. It indicates that heterogeneous networks are easier to propagate for the epidemics and the leading spreading behavior is dictated by the exponential increasing in the initial outbreaks. Large-scale simulations display that the infection is much faster on heterogeneous networks than that on homogeneous ones. It means that the network topology can have a significant effect on the epidemics taking place on complex networks. Some containment strategies of epidemic outbreaks are presented according to the theoretical analyses and numerical simulations.     

Water-vapor source shift of Xinjiang region during the recent twenty years

The aim of this paper is to investigate the climate water-vapor sources of Xinjiang region and their shifts during the past 20 years. First, the principle and steps are roughly regulated to seek the water-vapor sources. Second, the climate stationary water-vapor transport in troposphere is calculated to distinguish where the water vapor comes from by ERA-40 reanalysis. In addition, the collocation between the transport and the atmospheric column water vapor content is analyzed. The results show that the major vapor comes from the west side of Xinjiang for mid-month of seasons, apart from July while the water vapor comes from the north or northwest direction. The water vapor sources are different for different seasons, for example, the Caspian Sea and Mediterranean are the sources in January and April, the North Atlantic and the Arctic sea in July, and the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in October, respectively. In recent ten years more water vapor above Xinjiang comes from the high latitudes and the Arctic sea with global warming, and less from Mediterranean in comparison with the case of 1973—1986. In fact, the air over subtropics becomes dry and the anomalous water vapor transport direction turns to west or southwest during 1987—2000. By contrast, the air over middle and high latitudes is warmer and wetter than 14 years ago.     

Crystallogeny fundamentals of the cholesterol gallstone

The nucleation mechanism and crystal growth process of the cholesterol gallstone are studied and a systematic theory expounded by crystallogeny is proposed. Normal feed and stone-forming feed were used to raise guinea pigs in the control and stone-causing groups respectively. The state and transformation of liquid crystal vesicles, the appearance of crystal nuclei, and the formation of microcrystal grains were observed under a polarizing microscope during the experimental period. It was found that the liquid crystal vesicles in the bile of the control group were small, scattered, and always existed as single forms, and no shaped gallstone crystals were formed. While in the stone-causing group, liquid crystal vesicles grew to larger ones, and then aggregated to form large liquid crystal cells. Solid crystal growth along the edge of these liquid crystal cells formed microcrystal grains. These demonstrated that bile liquid crystal vesicles form the basic nuclei of cholesterol gallstone. Heterogeneous nucleation is the common process in the formation of crystal nuclei and crystal growth.     

中国西北疆界变迁及周边跨国民族特征

在中国西北边疆跨国民族的历史和现状分析基础上,认为当代跨国民族与当今世界的国际关系和时代特征密不可分,因此应扩大对各类跨国民族问题的研究视野,做到客观科学。