Significant overestimation of global aerosol optical thickness by MODIS over land

Global aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data over land obtained from the Moderate Resolu-tion Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are evaluated through comparisons with AOT data retrieved by Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). In general, MODIS overestimates AOT except at a few AERONET sites in Africa and eastern Asia. MODIS/AOTs are, on average, larger than AERONET/AOTs by 0.041 and 0.090 at 470 nm and 660 nm, respectively. The AOT bias at 660 nm is significantly correlated to the surface reflectance at 2130 nm. Both facts suggest that the underestimation of the surface reflectance is the principal reason for this bias at 660 nm. To use the MODIS/AOT at 470 nm is strongly recommended because it is much more reliable than the AOT at 660 nm.     

交通流自组织及其基于自组织理论的管控模式研究

论证了交通流中存在自组织现象,对交通流中的耗散、相变和协同进行了数学描述,利用小波分析对交通流中的分形进行了初步的实证研究;最后,提出了一种以序参量优化为主导管控、以输入信息为诱导管控并相互集成的、基于自组织理论的交通流管控模式．