Nest structure and all stages of the long-cheeked yellow jacket Dolichovespula intermedia Birula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Nest structure, morphology of all stages and behaviour have contributed to the phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of social vespids. Two aerial nests of Dolichovespula intermedia were discovered in China. The morphology of the three castes, the five larval instars, and the nest structure of D. intermedia Birula, are described in detail and illustrated. The presence of only one campaniform sensillum above each labial palp and the dense minute spicules on the posterior gena found in D. intermedia larvae are mentioned here for the first time for Dolichovespula. The identification characters between D. intermedia and Dolichovespula sylvestris are briefly discussed.     

Common variants near MC4R are associated with fat mass, weight and risk of obesity

To identify common variants influencing body mass index (BMI), we analyzed genome-wide association data from 16,876 individuals of European descent. After previously reported variants in FTO, the strongest association signal (rs17782313, P = 2.9 x 10(-6)) mapped 188 kb downstream of MC4R (melanocortin-4 receptor), mutations of which are the leading cause of monogenic severe childhood-onset obesity. We confirmed the BMI association in 60,352 adults (per-allele effect = 0.05 Z-score units; P = 2.8 x 10(-15)) and 5,988 children aged 7-11 (0.13 Z-score units; P = 1.5 x 10(-8)). In case-control analyses (n = 10,583), the odds for severe childhood obesity reached 1.30 (P = 8.0 x 10(-11)). Furthermore, we observed overtransmission of the risk allele to obese offspring in 660 families (P (pedigree disequilibrium test average; PDT-avg) = 2.4 x 10(-4)). The SNP location and patterns of phenotypic associations are consistent with effects mediated through altered MC4R function. Our findings establish that common variants near MC4R influence fat mass, weight and obesity risk at the population level and reinforce the need for large-scale data integration to identify variants influencing continuous biomedical traits.     

2型模糊集对率模系统可靠性分析的推广

鉴于2型模糊集对于模糊现象的描述更为深刻的特点,将系统的模糊成功和模糊故障用2型模糊集表示,引入模糊随机变量等数学工具对率模系统可靠性进行了分析,得到了率模可靠度,率模寿命,率模故障率等结论,推广了文献［1］的结果     

县域土地利用变化分析

以温州市永嘉县1990－1996年土地利用为研究内容,计算了有关土地利用的多种静态和动态指标,提出了新的土地利用动态量度的指标－结构转换度,并研究了各类土地利用及其变动人口密度、经济发展之间的关系。     

开关电容网络灵敏度分析的传递函数法

给出了一种开关电容网络(SCN)灵敏度分析的新方法。只要能写出SCN的z域改进节点电压方程,并且该方程系数矩阵在将z为e     

柔臂弯曲和挠转振动的非线性应力反馈控制

用数值仿真的方法讨论了一种用新型的应力及其微分的非线性反馈律来镇定柔性臂的弯曲和扭转振动的问题。该法使用跟踪－微分器取得柔性臂根部应力信号和微分信号,并与根部应力信号以及端咪的挠率信号一起组成非线性控制输入来控制柔性臂的弯曲和扭转振动。其镇定的仿真实验效果很好。     

基于神经网络数据融合的目标跟踪简化算法

分析了基于神经网络数据融合的目标跟踪算法 ,指出了传统的融合算法计算量大 ,神经网络目标向量不易选取等缺点 ,并提出了一种简化的算法。应用理论分析和蒙特卡洛仿真方法 ,对标准卡尔曼滤波算法和简化的滤波算法进行了比较 ,并给出了均方根误差的统计值。该简化算法原理简单 ,数据处理量小 ,速度快 ,误差小 ,特别适用于多传感器的处理 ,将融合结果反馈给单传感器 ,可提高各单传感器的跟踪精度