Thermal performance and reduction kinetic analysis of cold-bonded pellets with CO and H_2 mixtures

Cold-bonded pellets, to which a new type of inorganic binder was applied, were reduced by H2–CO mixtures with different H2/CO molar ratios(1:0, 5:2, 1:1, 2:5, and 0:1) under various temperatures(1023, 1123, 1223, 1323, and 1423 K) in a thermogravimetric analysis apparatus. The effects of gas composition, temperature, and binder ratio on the reduction process were studied, and the microstructure of reduced pellets was observed by scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS). The SEM-EDS images show that binder particles exist in pellets in two forms, and the form that binder particles completely surround ore particles has a more significant hinder effect on the reduction. The reduction equilibrium constant, effective diffusion coefficient, and the reaction rate constant were calculated on the basis of the unreacted core model, and the promotion effect of temperature on reduction was further analyzed. The results show that no sintering phenomenon occurred at low temperatures and that the increasing reaction rate constant and high gas diffusion coefficient could maintain the promotion effect of temperature; however, when the sintering phenomenon occurs at high temperatures, gas diffusion is hindered and the promotion effect is diminished. The contribution of the overall equilibrium constant to the promotion effect depends on the gas composition.     

腔镜热变形对高斯镜平凹腔激光场模式的影响

用边界元素法把具有高斯反射镜的平凹腔的衍射积分方程转化为有限阶的矩阵方程,并计算了具有高斯反射镜的平凹腔当平面输出镜发生呈高斯分布的镜面变形时谐振腔基模的场强、相位分布和本征值．结果表明,当变形量较小时,高斯镜平凹腔基模光场半径随腔镜变形量的增大而增大,但不发生畸变,远场分布基本上不受影响,本征值下降甚微,这有效地保持了激光束的质量和功率输出,并利于增益介质的利用．仅当变形量较大,如当中心变形量达到1．2λ以上时,光场分布才发生畸变,远场光斑聚焦特性和中心强度下降,基模冬征值也随变形量的增加大幅下降．     

Heritable and inducible genetic interference by double-stranded RNA encoded by transgenes

Double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) is an effective method for disrupting expression of specific genes in Caenorhabditis elegans and other organisms. Applications of this reverse-genetics tool, however, are somewhat restricted in nematodes because introduced dsRNA is not stably inherited. Another difficulty is that RNAi disruption of late-acting genes has been generally less consistent than that of embryonically expressed genes, perhaps because the concentration of dsRNA becomes lower as cellular division proceeds or as developmental time advances. In particular, some neuronally expressed genes appear refractory to dsRNA-mediated interference. We sought to extend the applicability of RNAi by in vivo expression of heritable inverted-repeat (IR) genes. We assayed the efficacy of in vivo-driven RNAi in three situations for which heritable, inducible RNAi would be advantageous: (i) production of large numbers of animals deficient for gene activities required for viability or reproduction; (ii) generation of large populations of phenocopy mutants for biochemical analysis; and (iii) effective gene inactivation in the nervous system. We report that heritable IR genes confer potent and specific gene inactivation for each of these applications. We suggest that a similar strategy might be used to test for dsRNA interference effects in higher organisms in which it is feasible to construct transgenic animals, but impossible to directly or transiently introduce high concentrations of dsRNA.     

改革开放初期中国学会的兴起

改革开放初期(1978-1989)学会出现了创建高潮。科技经济体制的改变、新科技革命的到来、科技人员政治思想的解放、中国国际交往的需要等要素推动了学会的创兴,而科技共同体中科技精英的自主性要求,以及当时学会办事机构作为行政或事业编制的体制都在不同程度上助推了全国学会的成立与发展。全国学会的创兴及其动机反映了中国当代科技发展与政治、经济、教育、文化之间的互动关系。     

关于大型科研仪器共享问题的一个产权理论解释

大型科研仪器的共享问题是我国科技资源配置和管理工作中面临的重要问题,现有研究和对策主要集中于促进共享理念的传播、加强共享效率的考核以及仪器中心等共享机制的建设方面,但对于为什么存在共享障碍等基本问题缺少关注。本文以经济学中的产权理论为基础,从大型科研仪器所有权与控制权分离的现实出发,探讨了当前我国仪器共享中存在的利益冲突和机制障碍。在此基础上,借鉴发达国家的一些做法,提出从仪器资助体制出发解决仪器共享问题的新思路。     

一种新型的CPU故障检测方法及其应用

本文根据国产新型单路数字新闻传真系统的特点,采用一种新颖而有效的 CPU 故障诊断算法.此方法的故障覆盖率较高,在程序运行后,得到令人满意的效果.     

人工神经网络和模糊理论在短期负荷预测中应用

对于电力系统负荷预测的复杂性,为提高短期预测的准确性,采用以人工神经网络为基础,提出了一种利用神经网络与模糊理论相结合进行负荷预测的模型.该算法克服了传统BP算法的训练速度慢、存在局部极小点的缺点,使预测精度大有改善.实例计算表明了该算法的改进成果和可行性.     

乳腺癌血清多肽图研究

乳腺癌一直是全世界范围内威胁妇女健康的恶性疾病, 尽管人们已经进行了大量的研究以减少乳腺癌对人类的危害, 但是乳腺癌仍然是目前导致死亡的恶性肿瘤之一. 乳腺癌的早期发现对于患者的愈后与生存意义重大, 可以明显提高病人生存时间、降低病人的死亡率. 据统计, 在过去的5年里, 早期诊断每年可减少3.2%因乳腺癌死亡的患者. 然而研究表明, 目前常用的乳腺癌诊断技术, 如乳腺X射线摄影和乳房检查均无法诊断出40%的早期乳癌患者和大多数年轻女性的乳腺肿瘤. 因此在乳腺癌临床治疗中, 急需发展新型的高效诊断技术.     

关于两类n阶变系数线性方程的求解

众所周知,能用初等积分法求解的常微方程为数是不多的。就是线性方程,当系数是自变量的函数时,至今为止也没有一般的求解方法,但是当系数是常数时,便可求解了。本文对两类变系数方程,通过变量替换,化为常系数方程,从而解决了求解问题。     

酶性DNA（Ⅲ）：鱼精DNA酯酶活性的初步研究

从鱼精提取的ＤＮＡ表现酯酶活性。用α或β萘酯作底物，坚牢蓝作显色偶合剂，发现萘酯能被此ＤＮＡ水解从而导致坚牢蓝出现特征性的紫红色。ＤＮＡ溶液中的Ｈ＾＋或ＯＨ＾－并不能使坚牢蓝显色。