Phylogenetic relationships of native and introduced Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) from China and India based on mtCOI DNA sequencing and host plant comparisons

Phylogenetic relationships for Bemisia tabaci were reconstructed by analysis of a ～780 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene with an emphasis on geographic range and distribution among eight eudicot plant families that are common hosts of B. tabaci worldwide to elucidate key phylogeographic linkages between populations extant in China (n=31) and India (n=34). Bootstrap values for the Maximum Parsimony tree were highly robust for all major nodes involving the major Asian clade, subgroups, and sister groups within, at 92%—100%. Between-clade distances for the Southeast Asia and three other major clades, e.g. from sub-Sahara Africa, North Africa-Mediterranean, and the Americas, were approximately >16% divergent. Two major Asian subgroups (I, II) were resolved, which represented populations indigenous to the region, comprising two (I a, I b) and five (II a—e) sister groups, respectively, which diverged by 11%. Two distinct populations from sunflower in Hyderabad grouped separately within the two Asian subgroups. All other populations grouped uniquely within Asian subgroup II or I. The “B” biotype was identified in 23 collections from China at 97.3%—99.5% nucleotide identity with “B” biotype reference sequences; it was not identified in collections from India. The majority of haplotypes were associated with 3—4 plant families, with one exception that for sister group IId (sesame, India), it might be monophagous. Thus, B. tabaci from the southeastern and near eastern regions of the Asian continent comprise of a large number of ancestral, richly divergent, mostly polyphagous populations. This region is therefore hypothesized to constitute an important Old World center of diversification for the B. tabaci complex, together with sub-Saharan Africa.     

An Intelligent Adaptive Fuzzy PID Controller Based on Multimodel Control Approach

A novel intelligent adaptive fuzzy PHD controller based on multimodel control approach is presented in this paper.It can improve the system performance of the dynamic time- varying system at various operating conditions.The fuzzy PHD controller is implemented by combining a fuzzy PI with a fuzzy PD controller in a parallel structure. The parameters of the fuzzy PHD controller are linked, via analytical derivation, to the gains of the linear PID controller. The sum of error square is used as performance criterion to locate the model that best reresents the process among the multiple models, The desired control output to drive the process along the desired path is generated only by modifying the output scale factots GU_I and GU_D of the fuzzy PID controller, Among the prescribed models, the control signal of the nearestmmodel to the system is applied. The system can be driven to its original trajectory because of the robustness of the fuzzy PID controller, Computer simulation results show that the adaptiv     

碎石桩加固土质边坡的机理及稳定性评价

云南省华电镇雄电厂边坡的工程地质条件复杂,软弱夹层较多,地基土体基本处于饱和状态,抗剪强度较低.由于以上的工程实际,设计采取碾压堆石压坡的工程措施,局部辅以振冲碎石桩置换,以期对坡体的受力、变形和稳定性等进行改善.利用FLAC3D软件对镇雄边坡的碎石桩加固过程及碾压堆石压坡填土过程进行了三维数值仿真分析,并分析了碎石桩加固土质边坡的机理.考虑复杂地基与碎石桩、挡土墙之间的相互作用,以及碎石桩加固后的排水情况,采用分级加载的方式模拟边坡的填土过程,通过坡体的应力、位移对比,定量分析了碎石桩加固措施的效果.基于强度折减法,采用结点位移法评价边坡的稳定安全状况.计算结果表明,采用碎石桩加固并进行排水后,提高了土体材料的力学性质,减小了孔隙水压力,边坡的受力得到了较大的改善,变形得到了控制,边坡的稳定性较好.     

相转移催化反应的研究——Ⅱ、苯硫基乙酸芳酯的合成

本文报导通过苯硫基乙酰氯与酚类化合物在液—液相转移催化条件下的酰化反应合成了十个尚未见文献报导过的苯硫基乙酸芳酯,它们的结构通过元素分析和红外光谱确证。     

C^N上全纯自映照的迭代

讨论了多复变全纯映照迭代系统的Ｊｕｌｉａ集和Ｆａｔｏｕ集的初等性质，给出了全纯映照在吸性不动点处的局部线性化定理，证明了多项式映照的填充Ｊｕｌｉａ集的各分支是Ｒｕｎｇｅ域，并通过例子说明了单复变迭代理论的一些重要结论在高维时不再成立。     

青霉素酰化酶的喹啉红测定法——NIPAB改良法

本文对ANB A的偶合呈色反应进行了探讨,据此对青霉素酸化酶测定提出一种新方法——喹啉红法。本方法是NIPAB法的一种改良法,反应特异性高,操作简便,检测灵敏度较原方法高约四倍。喹啉红于550nm的克分子消光系数为3.5×10~4 L·mole~(-1)·cm~(-1)。     

尼龙66原料的工业开发动向

本文是一篇对尼龙66原料的工业开发动向的文献综述。着重介绍了由苯经由环已烯制备环已醇的工艺条件以及与传统方法的技术经济比较。此外,还介绍了以非苯原料制备己二酸、己二胺的开发情况和市场动向。     

搜索反应时间服从指数分布时坦克武器系统的射击效率分析

该文探讨了在非对抗和１—１对抗条件下坦克武器系统的射击效率分析问题。该文的特点在于它把坦克搜索系统与火控系统有机地结合起来，提出了评价坦克武器系统效率的指标，并建立了可用于分析坦克（包括携带炮弹数不限、有限和考虑炮弹飞行的情况）搜索系统和火控系统效率参数的数学模型与公式。     

薄层色谱法测定戊二酰基-7-氨基头孢烷酸酰化酶的活力

用薄板层析分离ＧＬ＿７＿ＡＣＡ酰化酶反应的产物和底物,然后用薄层扫描仪进行扫描定量,经过与ＧＬ＿７＿ＡＣＡ和７＿ＡＣＡ标准品的薄层扫描相比较,得出酶反应液中的７＿ＡＣＡ浓度,从而计算出ＧＬ＿７＿ＡＣＡ酰化酶的活力